King Arthur in history and legendJones, William Lewis
History
King Arthur in history and legend
Jones, William Lewis
Arthur, King; Arthurian romances -- History and criticism
The praise of the knights of the
Round Table, he adds in another place, was loud throughout the world.
Again, Wace adds considerably to Geoffrey’s description of the passing
of Arthur. The king is not only taken to Avalon “to be cured of his
wounds,”--the Bretons confidently expect his recovery, and look for his
return. “He is still there; the Bretons await him; they say that he
will come back and live again.”
Wace’s metrical chronicle formed the basis of the still more elaborate,
and the more poetical, metrical _Brut_ of the Englishman, Layamon,--the
most remarkable English contribution to Arthurian literature until
we come to _Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knight_. Here we have a brave
attempt to do what Caxton long afterwards desired,--to make Arthur
the best “remembered among Englishmen before all other Christian
kings.” Wace’s poem was a contribution to the polite literature of
the Normans; Layamon’s, though his matter is so largely borrowed from
Wace, is a patriotic English epic. It was his aspiration, as we learn
from the opening lines of his _Brut_, “to tell the noble deeds of
England,” and in his record of those deeds Arthur, who had been all
but denationalised by the romancers, is restored to his fatherland and
duly figures as the great “Christian king of England.” But Layamon
was a poet no less than a patriotic chronicler, and could not help
listening to the blowings of “the horns of Elfland.” Arthur’s prowess
and royal attributes were such as could not be explained except for
the intervention of superhuman powers. Elves surrounded him when he
came into the world; it was from them that he derived the gifts which
made him the best of knights and the mightiest of kings.[90] Again,
at his passing, Arthur says that he is about to go to the splendid
elf, Argante (Morgain, or Morgan, _la fée_); “she will heal me of all
my wounds, and shall make me all hale; and afterwards I shall come to
my kingdom and dwell among the Britons with mickle joy.”[91] Arthur’s
byrnie was made for him by Wygar, “the elvish smith”; his spear by
Griffin, of the city of the wizard Merlin (Kaermerddin); his sword,
Caliburn, was wrought with magic craft in Avalon; the Round Table was
constructed by a strange carpenter from oversea. Layamon’s account of
the Round Table is much fuller than that of Wace, and is evidently
based upon popular legends of wizardry. It was in Cornwall, when there
was a quarrel among his knights, that Arthur met the stranger from
beyond the sea who offered to “make him a board, wondrous fair, at
which sixteen hundred men and more might sit.”[92] Though it was so
large, and took four weeks to make, the table could, by some magic
means, be carried by Arthur as he rode, and placed by him wherever he
chose. Layamon had evidently heard more about the Round Table, “of
which the Britons boast,” than he cares to disclose in his poem; but
“the Britons,” he tells us at the end of his description of the Table,
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