King Leopold's Soliloquy: A Defense of His Congo RuleTwain, Mark
History
King Leopold's Soliloquy: A Defense of His Congo Rule
Twain, Mark
Congo (Democratic Republic); Léopold II, King of the Belgians, 1835-1909
“... Soon we began talking, and without any encouragement on my part
the natives began the tales I had become so accustomed to. They were
living in peace and quietness when the white men came in from the
lake with all sorts of requests to do this and that, and they
thought it meant slavery. So they attempted to keep the white men
out of their country but without avail. The rifles were too much for
them. So they submitted and made up their minds to do the best they
could under the altered circumstances. First came the command to
build houses for the soldiers, and this was done without a murmur.
Then they had to feed the soldiers and all the men and women—hangers
on—who accompanied them. Then they were told to bring in rubber.
This was quite a new thing for them to do. There was rubber in the
forest several days away from their home, but that it was worth
anything was news to them. A small reward was offered and a rush was
made for the rubber. ‘What strange white men, to give us cloth and
beads for the sap of a wild vine.’ They rejoiced in what they
thought their good fortune. But soon the reward was reduced until at
last they were told to bring in the rubber for nothing. To this they
tried to demur; but to their great surprise several were shot by the
soldiers, and the rest were told, with many curses and blows, to go
at once or more would be killed. Terrified, they began to prepare
their food for the fortnight’s absence from the village which the
collection of rubber entailed. The soldiers discovered them sitting
about. ‘What, not gone yet?’ Bang! bang! bang! and down fell one and
another, dead, in the midst of wives and companions. There is a
terrible wail and an attempt made to prepare the dead for burial,
but this is not allowed. All must go at once to the forest. Without
food? Yes, without food. And off the poor wretches had to go without
even their tinder boxes to make fires. Many died in the forests of
hunger and exposure, and still more from the rifles of the ferocious
soldiers in charge of the post. In spite of all their efforts the
amount fell off and more and more were killed. I was shown around
the place, and the sites of former big chiefs’ settlements were
pointed out. A careful estimate made the population of, say, seven
years ago, to be 2,000 people in and about the post, within a radius
of, say, a quarter of a mile. All told, they would not muster 200
now, and there is so much sadness and gloom about them that they are
fast decreasing.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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