King Leopold's Soliloquy: A Defense of His Congo RuleTwain, Mark
History
King Leopold's Soliloquy: A Defense of His Congo Rule
Twain, Mark
Congo (Democratic Republic); Léopold II, King of the Belgians, 1835-1909
“We stayed there all day on Monday and had many talks with the
people. On the Sunday some of the boys had told me of some bones
which they had seen, so on the Monday I asked to be shown these
bones. Lying about on the grass, within a few yards of the house I
was occupying, were numbers of human skulls, bones, in some cases
complete skeletons. I counted thirty-six skulls, and saw many sets
of bones from which the skulls were missing. I called one of the men
and asked the meaning of it. ‘When the rubber palaver began,’ said
he, ‘the soldiers shot so many we grew tired of burying, and very
often we were not allowed to bury; and so just dragged the bodies
out into the grass and left them. There are hundreds all around if
you would like to see them.’ But I had seen more than enough, and
was sickened by the stories that came from men and women alike of
the awful time they had passed through. The Bulgarian atrocities
might be considered as mildness itself when compared with what was
done here. How the people submitted I don’t know, and even now I
wonder as I think of their patience. That some of them managed to
run away is some cause for thankfulness. I stayed there two days and
the one thing that impressed itself upon me was the collection of
rubber. I saw long files of men come in, as at Bongo, with their
little baskets under their arms; saw them paid their milk tin full
of salt, and the two yards of calico flung to the headmen; saw their
trembling timidity, and in fact a great deal that all went to prove
the state of terrorism that exists and the virtual slavery in which
the people are held.”
[Illustration:
“Some bones which they had seen”
]
That is their way; they spy and spy, and run into print with every
foolish trifle. And that British consul, Mr. Casement, is just like
them. He gets hold of a _diary which had been kept by one of my
government officers_, and, although it is a private diary and intended
for no eye but its owner’s, Mr. Casement is so lacking in delicacy and
refinement as to print passages from it. [_Reads a passage from the
diary_]
“Each time the corporal goes out to get rubber, cartridges are given
him. He must bring back all not used, and for every one used he must
bring back a right hand. M. P. told me that sometimes they shot a
cartridge at an animal in hunting; they then cut off a hand from a
living man. As to the extent to which this is carried on, he
informed me that in six months the State on the Mambogo River had
used 6,000 cartridges, which means that 6,000 people are killed or
mutilated. It means more than 6,000, for the people have told me
repeatedly that the soldiers kill the children with the butt of
their guns.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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