Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
History
Langley Memoir on Mechanical Flight, Parts I and II: Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Volume 27 Number 3, Publication 1948, 1911
Langley, S. P. (Samuel Pierpont)
Aeronautics; Flight
After several days of exceedingly bad weather the conditions were
more favorable on July 19. Since the last experiment on July 14 the
coefficient of elasticity of the Pénaud tail had been decreased, the
rear wings moved back 5 centimetres, and the “float” so placed that
the center of gravity of the machine was brought to the same position
it had had on that day, that is, 2 centimetres back of the line of
thrust. With this arrangement, assuming that the ‹CP› is over the
‹CG›, we should have an apparent efficiency of the rear wings of 63.6
per cent, since the distance between ‹CP›_{fw}, and ‹CG› is 79.7
centimetres, and the distance between ‹CP›_{rw} and ‹CG› is 125.3
centimetres. With the adjustment of July 14, the distance between
‹CP›_{fw} and ‹CG› was 79.7 centimetres, and the distance between
‹CP›_{rw} and ‹CG› was 118.3 centimetres, thus allowing for an
apparent efficiency of 67.37 per cent for the rear wings. It will be
recalled that in the unsuccessful flight of July 14 the midrod of the
aerodrome was inclined at an angle of about 20 degrees during most of
the time that it was in the air, thus indicating that the front wings
were lifting proportionately more than they should. On July 14 the
Pénaud tail had a negative elevation of 7° 30′, and it required 1240
grammes placed at its center to bring it to the horizontal. On July
19 the elevation of the tail was changed to 5° and a weaker spring
for controlling the elasticity was substituted, so that it required
only 200 grammes placed at the center of the tail to bring it to the
horizontal. A rubber band, of about one-half the strength of the
upper spring, was attached by means of a cord to the lower guy-post
and the lower vertical ribs of the tail, so that the tail would be
elastic both ways. This rubber band was in place and acting to help
draw the tail down when the above measurement of the coefficient of
elasticity was made. A rubber band connected to the lower side of the
tail was also used in the flight of July 14, but it was so very weak,
compared to the upper spring, that its effect was negligible.
The effect of this change in the balancing of the aerodrome, and also
the more considerable effect which the coefficient of elasticity of
the tail has on the balancing, will be immediately noticed from the
description of the next flight. The data on setting of wings, tail,
etc. are given on Data Sheet No. 8.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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