The papers by Borchers,[39] Doeltz,[40] Guillemain,[41] and Hutchings[42] may profitably be studied in connection with the reactions involved in lime-roasting. The conclusion will be, however, that their precise nature has not yet been determined. In view of the great interest that has been awakened by this new departure in the metallurgy of lead, it is to be expected that much experimental work will be devoted to it, which will throw light upon its principles, and possibly develop it from a mere process of desulphurization into one which will yield a final product in a single operation. PART VI OTHER METHODS OF SMELTING THE BORMETTES METHOD OF LEAD AND COPPER SMELTING[43] BY ALFREDO LOTTI (September 30, 1905) It is well known that, in order to obtain a proper fusion in lead and copper ore-smelting, it is not only advantageous, but often indispensable, that a suitable proportion of slag be added to the charge. In the treatment of copper matte in the converter, the total quantity of slag must be resmelted, inasmuch as it always retains a notable quantity of the metal; while in the smelting of lead ore in the blast furnace, the addition of slag is mainly intended to facilitate the operation, avoiding the use of strong air pressure and thus diminishing the loss of lead. The proportion of slag required sometimes amounts to 30 to 35 per cent. of the weight of the ore. Inasmuch as the slag is usually added in lump form, cold, its original heat (about 400 calories per kilogram) is completely lost and an intimate mixture with the charge cannot be obtained. For this reason, I have studied the agglomeration of lead and copper ores with fused slag, employing a variable proportion according to the nature of the ore treated. In the majority of cases, and with some slight modifications in each particular case, by incorporating the dry or slightly moistened mineral with the predetermined quantity of liquid slag, and by rapidly stirring the mixture so as to secure a proper subdivision of the slag and the mineral, there is produced a spongy material, largely composed of small pieces, together with a simultaneous evolution of dense fumes of sulphur, sulphur dioxide, and sulphur trioxide. By submitting this spongy material to an air blast, the sulphur of the mineral is burned, the temperature rising in the interior of the mass to a clear red heat. Copious fumes of sulphur dioxide and trioxide are given off, and at times a yellowish vapor of sulphur, which condenses in drops, especially if the ore is pyritous.