Leibniz rests upon Distinction of Contingent and Rational Truth 209 The Former may become the Latter, and is then Demonstrative 210 The Means of this Transformation are Mathematics and Classification 215 There are Two Principles,--One of Contradiction 217 The Other of Sufficient Reason 218 The Latter leads us to God as the Supreme Intelligence and the Final Condition of Contingent Fact 219 The Four Stages of Knowledge 222 CHAPTER XI. The Theology of Leibniz. Leibniz's Three Arguments for the Existence of God 224 The Value of the Ontological 225 The Cosmological 226 The Teleological 226 The Attributes of God 227 The Relation of God to the World, his Creating Activity 228 Creation involves Wisdom and Goodness as well as Power 229 The Relation of God to Intelligent Spirits: they form a Moral Community 230 Leibniz as the Founder of Modern German Ethical Systems 231 The End of Morality is Happiness as Self-realization 232 The Three Stages of Natural Right 234 The Basis of Both Leibniz's Ethics and Political Philosophy is Man's Relation to God 236 His Æsthetics have the Same Basis 237 Man's Spirit as Architectonic 238 CHAPTER XII. Criticism and Conclusion. Leibniz's Fundamental Contradiction is between his Method and his Subject Matter 240 The Use which Leibniz makes of the Principle of Sufficient Reason reveals this Contradiction 242 The Contradiction is between the Ideas of Formal and of Concrete Unity 243 From this Contradiction flow (1) The Contradiction in the Notion of Individuality 246 Which becomes purely Negative 247 The Negative he interprets as merely Privative 249 (2) The Contradiction in his Conception of God has the Same Source 250 He really has Three Definitions of God 250 One results in Atomism, another in Pantheism 251 The Third in a Conception of the Organic Harmony of the Infinite and Finite 252