(3) The Contradiction between the Real and the Ideal in the Monads has the Same Source 253 (4) As have also the Contradictions in the Treatment of the Relations of Matter and Spirit 254 (5) And finally, his Original Contradiction leads to a Contradictory Treatment of Knowledge 257 Summary as to the Positive Value of Leibniz 259 The Influence of Leibniz's Philosophy 261 Especially upon Kant 262 Kant claims to be the True Apologist for Leibniz 263 (1) As to the Doctrine of Sufficient Reason and Contradiction 263 Which finds its Kantian Analogue in the Distinction between Analytic and Synthetic Judgment 266 (2) As to the Relation of Monads and Matter 268 Which finds its Kantian Analogue in the Relation of the Sensuous and Supersensuous 268 (3) And finally, as to the Doctrine of Pre-established Harmony 269 Which Kant transforms into Harmony between Understanding and Sense 269 And between the Categories of the Understanding and the Ideas of Reason 270 Conclusion 272 LEIBNIZ'S NEW ESSAYS CONCERNING THE HUMAN UNDERSTANDING. CHAPTER I. THE MAN. "He who knows me only by my writings does not know me," said Leibniz. These words--true, indeed, of every writer, but true of Leibniz in a way which gives a peculiar interest and charm to his life--must be our excuse for prefacing what is to be said of his "New Essays concerning the Human Understanding" with a brief biographical sketch.