John Parkinson’s[38] _Herball_ is well known to English students; he adds one new species for England, _Lobaria pulmonaria_, already recorded on the Continent. Parkinson was an apothecary in London and held the office of the King’s Herbarist; his garden was situated in Long Acre. How’s[39] _Phytographia_ is notable as being the first account of British plants compiled without reference to their healing properties. Five of the plants described by him are lichen species: “Lichen arborum sive pulmonaria” (_Lobaria pulmonaria_), “Lichen petraeus tinctorius” (_Roccella_), “Muscus arboreus” (_Usnea_), “Corallina montana” (_Cladonia rangiferina_) and “Muscus pixoides” (_Cladonia_). Several other British species were added by Merrett[40], who records in his Pinax, “Muscus arboreus umbilicatus” (_Physcia ciliaris_), “Muscus aureus tenuissimus” (_Teloschistes flavicans_), “Muscus caule rigido” (_Alectoria_) and “Lichen petraeus purpureus” (_Parmelia omphalodes_), the last-named, a rock lichen, being used, he tells us, for dyeing in Lancashire. Merret or Merrett was librarian to the Royal College of Physicians. His _Pinax_ was undertaken to replace How’s _Phytographia_ published sixteen years previously and then already out of print. Merrett’s work was issued in 1666, but the first impression was destroyed in the great fire of London and most of the copies now extant are dated 1667. He arranged the species of plants in alphabetical order, but as the work was not critical it fell into disuse, being superseded by John Ray’s _Catalogus_ and _Synopsis_. To Robert Plot[41] we owe the earliest record of _Cladonia coccifera_ which had hitherto escaped notice; it was described and figured as a new and rare plant in the _Natural History of Staffordshire_[41]. Plot was the first Custos of Ashmole’s Museum in Oxford and he was also the first to prepare a County Natural History. The greatest advance during this first period was made by Robert Morison[42], a Scotsman from Aberdeen. He studied medicine at Angers in France, superintended the Duke of Orleans’ garden at Blois, and finally, after his return to this country in 1669, became Keeper of the botanic garden at Oxford. In the third volume of his great work[42] on Oxford plants, which was not issued till after his death, the lichens are put in a separate group—“Musco-fungus”—and classified with some other plants under “Plantae Heteroclitae.” The publication of the volume projects into the next historical period.