Life and literature in the Roman republicFrank, Tenney
History
Life and literature in the Roman republic
Frank, Tenney
Latin literature -- History and criticism; Rome -- Intellectual life
These two dramatists, for reasons which must be discussed later,
increased the use of musical accompaniment in tragedy and comedy. In
Euripides the body of the drama had been in recited trimeters. The
choral parts were of course sung to the accompaniment of rhythmical
movements called dance, and there was also music when the actors engaged
in dialogue with the chorus, as well as in some of their monologues. But
the musical element had been reduced very much during the century that
followed Euripides when the drama had gradually dispensed with the chorus
even in the staging of Euripides. Rome was then too primitive to provide
the twelve or more trained singers and dancers that even the later
Greeks had found beyond their resources. Livius indeed had experienced
such difficulty in securing actors with good voices that he himself took
the leading rôle, and, not adequately gifted for the singing parts, he
tried, we are told, the inartistic device (not unknown on our comic
stage) of placing a singer beside the musician to carry the melody of
the lyric parts while he acted and presumably recited the lines of the
songs. That was, of course, only a temporary makeshift, but it shows how
difficult it was to provide satisfactory artists at the time. It would
seem then that since these early writers found it impossible to produce
choruses adequately because these required the elaborate training of
many singers in intricate musical compositions, they compensated as best
they could by increasing the number of monodies in their plays, writing
them in a few well-defined meters, such as the septenarii, cretics, and
bacchiacs,[2] which were not too difficult to learn. Thus it was that
Roman tragedy became even more like modern opera than the tragedy of the
Greek stage had been. These early men of Rome, who mean so little to us,
had developed a form which was capable of carrying on the work of Greek
tragedy on a primitive stage, and capable also of growing into a richer
drama as soon as the resources of the small city should permit. They made
the drama possible for Rome.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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