Life and literature in the Roman republicFrank, Tenney
History
Life and literature in the Roman republic
Frank, Tenney
Latin literature -- History and criticism; Rome -- Intellectual life
What Titinius did was to follow a suggestion made by Naevius and write
original comedies (_togatae_) with native plots, scenes, and characters.
When we recall how Plautus found it prudent to cling to Greek plots for
social and moral reasons, we see that Titinius must have had a vein of
daring. That he was lauded among the very foremost for characterization
is the more remarkable since he did not adapt characters already well
outlined. It was no easy task to present before the old Catonian society
comedies revolving about Roman men and women, and to rival the plays of
Plautus which could legitimately appropriate all the attractive plots of
Hellenistic Athens. Donatus remarks naïvely that realistic Roman comedy
of the old day, unlike the Greek comedy, could not picture slaves as
more clever than their masters. This statement, of course, does not go
to the heart of the matter, but it is one way of saying that the Romans,
who insisted on social decorum in home life, were in no mood to see
themselves pictured as the gulls of spoiled sons and saucy slaves. If the
togata had to eliminate all such scenes, it must have altered the whole
tone of comedy. But that was not all. We have noticed how Plautus was
compelled to change and attenuate feminine rôles because the Romans had
nothing to put in the place of the semi-respectable Greek hetaerae with
whom the youth of Athens associated freely. What was there for Titinius
to do in writing Roman plays? It was out of the question to insult the
dignity of the noble household with stories of boisterous love affairs;
and yet he apparently did not wish to sacrifice such plots either by
avoiding the female characters or by using those that Roman society
disdained. He did want the love story and he wanted it both wholesome
enough to attract Rome and natural enough to give a free play of emotions
in an active plot, and he found it in a way that Plautus had not. He
abandoned the _jeunesse dorée_ of the standard Greek play and resorted to
the natural and free society of the Italian village communities outside
of the great capital, where, as in Italian villages of today, honest
young men and women of humble circumstances worked together at daily
tasks in shops, at counters, desks, and work benches. Titinius made a
real discovery when he left the artificial society of aristocratic Rome
because it gave no opportunity for treating of natural relations between
the unmarried young of both sexes and went out into the near-by villages
of Latium or the humbler streets of the city where more normal conditions
obtained. He was perhaps the first writer of Roman comedy who could
draw his material from life and still base his comedy on a love story.
Only fifteen titles of his plays have survived, but nine of these take
their name from the leading female characters in the plays: _The Maid of
Setia_, _The Lady of the Dye Shop_, _The Girl of Velitrae_, _The Twin
Sister_, _The Girl Who Knows Something about the Law_, _The Stepmother_,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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