Life and literature in the Roman republicFrank, Tenney
History
Life and literature in the Roman republic
Frank, Tenney
Latin literature -- History and criticism; Rome -- Intellectual life
Whether or not Terence should have all the credit for breaking away from
the old conventional construction imposed on tragedy by the accident
that the plots were known, we cannot say. It is not likely that Menander
introduced this innovation, since all the plots that have recently been
discovered seem to retain the older construction. Plautus, except in
plays subsequently revised, like the _Epidicus_ and the _Mercator_, is
true to the convention every time that his plot is intricate and ends
with an important “discovery.” We have suggested that Caecilius, who
was Terence’s critic in his first play, may possibly have shown the way
since he somehow gained fame for his plot construction. But we have no
definite evidence of this. At any rate the modernization comes after
Plautus and seems, therefore, to be a discovery of the Roman stage. It
might be claimed that the discovery was due to the accident that the
prologue was desired for the expression of the author’s personal opinion,
so that it was not available for exposition.[14] However, this would not
explain Terence’s procedure. In the _Adelphoe_, for instance, he seems
to transfer some of the exposition from the eliminated prologue to the
opening monologue of Micio. What is noticeable is that he here gives a
very chary exposition in the monologue, gives some more details in the
inserted kidnaping scene, and yet carefully withholds the secret—which
could so easily have been disclosed—that the girl was stolen for the
supposedly virtuous brother. In a word, Terence is conscious of what he
is doing. He has apparently eliminated the expository prologue purposely
in order to rid himself of an old convention and to intensify comedy by
injecting into his plots the elements of surprise and suspense.
After Terence the aediles seem to have saved money by resorting freely
to the archives and reviving old plays. At any rate many of the Plautine
comedies bear signs of having been tampered with at this time. Long
speeches were cut, explicit prologues were excised or reduced so as to
introduce the element of surprise. In other words, the comedies were
modernized in type and given speed. It is more than likely that this
refurbishing of old plays discouraged young writers, since the generation
following Terence left few names of dramatists to posterity. Only
Turpilius, who worked in the Plautine tradition, was well known later. He
died at a very old age about 103 B.C.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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