Life histories of North American woodpeckersBent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American woodpeckers
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Woodpeckers -- North America
Animal matter, 50 percent; vegetable matter, 47 percent;
mineral matter, 3 percent. * * * The insects consist of
ants, wasps, beetles, bugs, grasshoppers, crickets, moths,
and caterpillars. Spiders and myriapods also were found.
Ants amounted to about 11 percent of the whole food. * * *
Beetle remains formed nearly one-third of all food.
* * * The families represented were those of the common
May beetle (_Lachnosterna_), which was found in several
stomachs, the predaceous ground beetles, tiger beetles,
weevils, and a few others. * * * Weevils were found in 15
stomachs, and in several cases as many as 10 were present.
Remains of Carabid beetles were found in 44 stomachs to
an average amount of 24 percent of the contents of those
that contained them, or 10 percent of all. The fact that
43 percent of all the birds taken had eaten these beetles,
some of them to the extent of 16 individuals, shows a
decided fondness for these insects, and taken with the fact
that 5 stomachs contained Cicindelids or tiger beetles
forms a rather strong indictment against the bird.
The vegetable food includes corn, dogwood berries, huckleberries,
strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, mulberries, elderberries,
wild black cherries, choke cherries, cultivated cherries, wild grapes,
apples, pears, various seeds, acorns, and beechnuts. Prof. Beal (1895)
reports that--
corn was found in 17 stomachs, collected from May to
September, inclusive, and amounted to more than 7
percent of all the food. While it seems to be eaten in
any condition, that taken in the late summer was in the
milk, and evidently picked from standing ears. This * * *
corroborates some of the testimony received, and indicates
that the Redhead, if sufficiently abundant, might do
considerable damage to the growing crop, particularly if
other food was not at hand. While the fruit list is not so
long as in the case of the Flicker, it includes more kinds
that are, or may be, cultivated; and the quantity found
in the stomachs, a little more than 33 percent of all the
food, is greater than in any of the others. Strawberries
were found in 1 stomach, blackberries or raspberries in
15, cultivated cherries in 2, apples in 4, and pears in
6. Fruit pulp was found in 33 stomachs, and it is almost
certain that a large part of this was obtained from some of
the larger cultivated varieties. Seeds were found in but
few stomachs, and only a small number in each.
Audubon (1842) gives this woodpecker a rather bad name, saying:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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