CHAP. XLIII.--State of Morals and Manners in Spain--The Nobility--The Middle Classes--The Lower Ranks--The indignation of the People strongly excited against the French--Insurrection at Madrid on the 2d May--Murat proclaims an Amnesty, notwithstanding which, many Spanish prisoners are put to Death--King Charles appoints Murat Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, and Ferdinand's Resignation of the Throne is announced--Murat unfolds the Plan of Government to the Council of Castile, and Addresses of Submission are sent to Buonaparte from various quarters--Notables appointed to meet at Bayonne on 15th June--The Flame of Resistance becomes Universal throughout Spain, 289 CHAP. XLIV.--Plans of Defence of the Spanish Juntas--Defeated by the ardour of the Insurrectionary Armies--Cruelty of the French Troops, and Inveteracy of the Spaniards--Successes of the Invaders--Defeat of Rio Secco--Exultation of Napoleon--Joseph enters Madrid--His Reception--Duhesme compelled to Retreat to Barcelona, and Moncey from before Valencia--Defeat of Dupont by Castanos at Baylen--His Army Surrenders Prisoners of War--Effects of this Victory and Capitulation--Unreasonable Expectations of the British Public--Joseph leaves Madrid, and Retires to Vittoria--Defence of Zaragossa, 299 CHAP. XLV.--Zeal of Britain with regard to the Spanish struggle--It is Resolved to send an Expedition to Portugal--Retrospect of what had passed in that Country--Portuguese Assembly of Notables summoned to Bayonne--Their Singular Audience of Buonaparte--Effects of the Spanish Success on Portugal--Sir Arthur Wellesley--His Character as a General--Despatched at the Head of the Expedition to Portugal--Attacks and Defeats the French at Roriça--Battle and Victory of Vimeiro--Sir Harry Burrard Neale assumes the Command, and frustrates the Results proposed by Sir Arthur Wellesley from the Battle--Sir Harry Burrard is superseded by Sir Hew Dalrymple--Convention of Cintra--Its Unpopularity in England--A Court of Inquiry is held, 310