CHAP. XL.--Military Details--Plan of the Conscription--Its Nature--and Effects--Enforced with unsparing rigour--Its Influence upon the General Character of the French Soldiery--New mode of Conducting Hostilities introduced by the Revolution--Constitution of the French Armies, Forced Marches--_La Maraude_--Its Nature--and Effects--on the Enemy's Country, and on the French Soldiers themselves--Policy of Napoleon, in his Personal Conduct to his Officers and Soldiers--Altered Character of the French Soldiery during, and after, the Revolution, 252 CHAP. XLI.--Effects of the Peace of Tilsit--Napoleon's Views of a State of Peace--Contrasted with those of England--The Continental System--Berlin and Milan Decrees--British Orders in Council--Spain--Retrospect of the Relations of that Country with France since the Revolution--Godoy--his Influence--Character--and Political Views--Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias, applies to Napoleon for Aid--Affairs of Portugal--Treaty of Fontainbleau--Departure of the Prince Regent for Brazil--Entrance of Junot into Lisbon--His unbounded rapacity--Disturbances at Madrid--Ferdinand detected in a Plot against his Father, and Imprisoned--King Charles applies to Napoleon--Wily Policy of Buonaparte--Orders the French Army to enter Spain, 259 CHAP. XLII.--Pampeluna, Barcelona, Montjouy, and St. Sebastians, are fraudulently seized by the French--King Charles proposes to sail for South America--Insurrection at Aranjuez--Charles resigns the Crown in favour of Ferdinand--Murat enters Madrid--Charles disavows his Resignation--General Savary arrives at Madrid--Napoleon's Letter to Murat, touching the Invasion of Spain--Ferdinand sets out to meet Napoleon--Halts at Vittoria, and learns too late Napoleon's designs against him--Joins Buonaparte at Bayonne--Napoleon opens his designs to Escoiquiz and Cevallos, both of whom he finds intractable--He sends for Charles, his Queen, and Godoy, to Bayonne--Ferdinand is induced to Abdicate the Crown in favour of his Father, who resigns it next day to Napoleon--This transfer is reluctantly confirmed by Ferdinand, who, with his Brothers, is sent to splendid Imprisonment at Valençay--Joseph Buonaparte is appointed to the Throne of Spain, and joins Napoleon at Bayonne--Assembly of Notables convoked, 272