LITTLE MASTERPIECES OF SCIENCE [Illustration: _John Fiske_] Little Masterpieces of Science Edited by George Iles MIND _By_ John Fiske Oliver W. Holmes James Sully Henry Maudsley Francis Galton William B. Carpenter William H. Hudson Thomas H. Huxley NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1902 Copyright, 1900, by Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Copyright, 1902, by Doubleday, Page & Co. Copyright, 1895, by D. Appleton & Co. TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE: Hyphenated and accented words have been standardized. Obvious printers errors, including punctuation have been silently corrected. Undevelopment, unseizable, traru, although not valid words, make sense in the context and I have therefore left them as in the original. All other inconsistencies have been left as in the original except where noted at the end of this file. PREFACE The study of mind was advanced as remarkably during the nineteenth century as any of its sister sciences. Here, as elsewhere, observation grew keener, new instrumental tests were adopted, and interpretation became more sagacious. A fact as commonplace as the length of human babyhood, when it came under the eye of John Fiske, went far to explain the foundations of the family, and how it came about that primitive man, to whom much was given, so added to his gifts that at last the gulf betwixt him and his next of kin became all but infinite. Of the new study of children, which owes a weighty debt to Darwin and Preyer, Professor Sully is a worthy exponent. In this volume he has something to say of the deepest interest to parents, to all students of the early unfolding of human faculty. In the inquiry of Mr. Galton regarding Twins we have a sterling example of the statistical method. Who shall call that method dry and unfruitful after he reads what it brought to this patient and discerning investigator?