Lives of Boulton and Watt. Principally from the Original Soho Mss.: Comprising also a history of the invention and introduction of the steam engineSmiles, Samuel
History
Lives of Boulton and Watt. Principally from the Original Soho Mss.: Comprising also a history of the invention and introduction of the steam engine
The Bow engine had, however, a serious relapse in the following spring,
and it happened in this way:--Mr. Smeaton, the engineer, having heard
of its success, which he doubted, requested Hadley, Boulton’s agent, to
go down with him to Stratford-le-Bow to witness its performances. He
carefully examined the engine, and watched it while at work, and the
conclusion he arrived at was, that it was a pretty engine, but much
too complex for practical uses. On leaving the place Smeaton gave the
engineman some money to drink, and he drank so much that next day he let
the engine run quite wild, and it was thrown completely out of order. Mr.
Wilby, the manager, was very wroth at the circumstance. He discharged the
engineman and called upon Hadley to replace the valves, which had been
broken, and make good the other damage that had been done to the engine.
When the repairs were made, everything went satisfactorily as before.
Watt had many annoyances of this sort to encounter, and one of his
greatest difficulties was the incapacity and unsteadiness of his workmen.
Although the original Soho men were among the best of their kind, the
increasing business of the firm necessarily led to the introduction of
a large number of new hands, who represented merely the average workmen
of the day. They were for the most part poor mechanics, very inexpert at
working in metal, and greatly given to drink.[154]
[154] Fire-engines at work were objects of curiosity in those
days, and had many visitors. The engineman at the York Buildings
reminded those who went to see his engine that something was
expected, placing over the entrance to the engine room the
following distich:--
“Whoever wants to see the engine here,
Must give the engine-man a drop of beer.”
In organising the works at Soho, Boulton and Watt found it necessary
to carry division of labour to the farthest practicable point. There
were no slide-lathes, planing-machines, or boring-tools, such as now
render mechanical accuracy of construction almost a matter of certainty.
Everything depended upon the individual mechanic’s accuracy of hand and
eye; and yet mechanics generally were then much less skilled than they are
now. The way in which Boulton and Watt contrived partially to get over the
difficulty was, to confine their workmen to special classes of work, and
make them as expert in them as possible. By continued practice in handling
the same tools and fabricating the same articles, they thus acquired great
individual proficiency. “Without our tools and our workmen,” said Watt,
“very little could be done.”
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