Lives of Boulton and Watt. Principally from the Original Soho Mss.: Comprising also a history of the invention and introduction of the steam engineSmiles, Samuel
History
Lives of Boulton and Watt. Principally from the Original Soho Mss.: Comprising also a history of the invention and introduction of the steam engine
Meanwhile orders for rotative engines were coming in apace at
Soho,--engines for paper-mills and cotton-mills, for flour-mills and
iron-mills, and for sugar-mills in America and the West Indies. At the
same time pumping-engines were in hand for France, Spain, and Italy.
The steam-engine was becoming an established power, and its advantages
were every day more clearly recognised. It was alike docile, regular,
economical, and effective, at all times and seasons, by night as by day,
in summer and in winter. While the wind-mills were stopped by calms and
the water-mills by frosts, the steam-mill worked on with untiring power.
“There is not a single water-mill now at work in Staffordshire,” wrote
Boulton to Wyatt in December; “they are all frozen up, and were it not for
Wilkinson’s steam-mill, the poor nailers must have perished; but his mill
goes on rolling and slitting ten tons of iron a day, which is carried away
as fast as it can be bundled up; and thus the employment and subsistence
of these poor people are secured.”
As the demand for rotative engines set in, Watt became more hopeful as
to the prospects of this branch of manufacture. He even began to fear
lest the firm should be unable to execute the orders, so fast did they
follow each other. “I have no doubt,” he wrote to Boulton, “that we
shall soon so methodize the rotative engines as to get on with them at
a great pace. Indeed, that is already in some degree the case. But we
must have more men, and these we can only have by the slow process of
breeding them.”[283] A fortnight later he wrote, “Orders for rotative
engines are coming in daily; but, if we part with any more men here, we
must stop taking them in.” Want of skilled workmen continued to be one
of Watt’s greatest difficulties. When the amount of work to be executed
was comparatively small, and sufficient time was given to execute it,
he was able to turn out very satisfactory workmanship;[284] but when the
orders came pouring in, new hands were necessarily taken on, who proved
a constant source of anxiety and trouble. Even the “old hands,” when
sent to a distance to fit up engines, being left, in a great measure, to
themselves, were apt to become careless and ill-conditioned. With some,
self-conceit was the stumbling-block, with others temper, but with the
greater number, drink. “I am very sorry to hear,” wrote Watt to Boulton,
“that Malcolm Logan’s disease increases. I think you should talk to him
roundly upon it, and endeavour to procure him to make a solemn resolution
or oath against drinking for some given term.” Another foreman sent to
erect an engine in Craven was afflicted with a distemper of a different
sort. He was found to have put the engine very badly together, and,
instead of attending to his work, had gone a-hunting in a pig-tail wig!
“If the half of this be true,” wrote Watt, “as I fear it is, he will not
do to be sent to New River Head [where an engine was about to be erected],
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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