Londinium, Architecture and the Crafts — John Shaqi
Londinium, Architecture and the CraftsLethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
History
Londinium, Architecture and the Crafts
Lethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
England -- Antiquities, Roman; London (England) -- Antiquities, Roman; Romans -- England -- London
More recently a bath chamber has been found in Cannon Street built of
tiles which on the illustration are indicated in alternate courses of
red and yellow. In the description in _Archæologia_, it is remarked: “It
would appear that the yellow was preferred, the red being employed where
they were not visible.” Years ago Charles Knight observed that the tiles
used in the City Wall at America Square varied from “bright red to
palish yellow.” This has been confirmed by more recent accounts in
_Archæologia_. Finally, Roach Smith, describing the discovery of a part
of the South or River Wall of the City (_Archæological Journal_, vol.
i.), says that the tiles used as bonding bands were straight and
curved-edged (that is, flanged roof tiles), red and yellow in colour. At
the Guildhall there are a roof tile and a flue tile of yellow colour.
Building with tiles may for long have been customary, but the use of red
and yellow tiles in the way described would probably have been a fashion
during a limited time only, and in that case it follows that the
buildings erected with red and yellow tiles are likely to be nearly
contemporary; the date would, I suppose, be the fourth century.
Specially made tiles were used for columns. At the Guildhall are several
round tiles 8 in. diameter, suitable for the piers of a hypocaust. Also
some semicircular tiles 12 in. in diameter. In Rochester Museum are some
quadrants making up a circle about 1½ ft. in diameter. Tiles, eight of
which made up a circle, have lately been found at Colchester, and in the
Guildhall Museum is a course of a round column made up of twelve tiles
around a small central circle. A large number of columns were evidently
of such bricks plastered.
[Illustration:
FIG. 4.
]
_Arches and Vaults._—The arches in the City Wall, where it passed across
the Walbrook, described by Roach Smith, were of no great span (3¼ ft.).
They were constructed of ordinary tiles and were of a roughly-pointed
shape. Arches of this form were not infrequently used in Roman works;
they were not the result of inaccurate building. About a dozen years ago
a well-built pointed arch of alternate tile and tufa, found at Naples,
was described in _Archæologia_. The tiles, although thin, were sometimes
made slightly wedge-shaped, and the city gates at Silchester seem to
have had arches of such bricks.
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