Lord Kelvin: An account of his scientific life and workGray, Andrew
Science
Lord Kelvin: An account of his scientific life and work
Gray, Andrew
Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron, 1824-1907
McFarlane used to tell of an incident which illustrated the ingenuity
with which it was sometimes attempted to evade the ordeal of the _viva
voce_ examination. One afternoon, when he was busily preparing the
lecture-illustrations for next day, a student came into the class-room,
and engaging him in conversation on some point of dynamics, regarding
which he professed to have a difficulty, hovered round the box which
contained the three compartments popularly known as Purgatory, Heaven,
and Hell! Always when McFarlane left the room to bring something from
the adjoining cabinet of apparatus, he found, when he returned, his
inquiring friend hurriedly quitting the immediate vicinity of the box.
At last the student took leave, with many apologies for giving so much
trouble. As McFarlane suspected would be the case, the ticket bearing
the name of that student was no longer to be found! He used to conclude
the story as follows: "I just made a new ticket for him, and placed it
on the top of the other tickets, and next day Sir William called him,
the very first time." What were his feelings, who had fondly thought
himself safe for the session, and now found himself subjected to a
"heckling" which he probably expected would be repeated indefinitely,
may be imagined.
The subject of the first lecture which the writer attended was simple
harmonic motion, and was illustrated by means of pendulums, spiral
springs with weights, a long vertical rod of steel tipped with an ivory
ball and fastened to a heavy base, tuning-forks, etc.
The motion was defined as that of a particle moving along the diameter
of a circle--the "auxiliary circle," Thomson called it--so as always to
keep pace, as regards displacement in the direction along that diameter,
with a particle moving with uniform speed in the circle. Then the
velocity and acceleration were found, and it was shown that the particle
was continually accelerated towards the centre in proportion to the
distance of the particle from that point. The constant ratio of
acceleration to displacement was proved to be equal to the square of the
angular velocity in the auxiliary circle, and from this fact, and the
particular value of the acceleration when the particle was at either end
of its range of motion, an expression for the period in terms of the
speed and radius of the auxiliary circle was deduced. Then the ordinary
simple pendulum formula was obtained.
This mode of treatment of an elementary matter, so entirely different
from anything in the ordinary text-books, arrested the attention at
once, and conveyed, to some at least of those present, an idea of simple
harmonic motion which was directly applicable to all kinds of cases,
such as the motion of the air in a sound wave, or of the medium which
conveys the waves of light.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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