Lord Kelvin: An account of his scientific life and workGray, Andrew
Science
Lord Kelvin: An account of his scientific life and work
Gray, Andrew
Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron, 1824-1907
The subject of Kepler's laws was dealt with in the early lectures of
every course, and Newton's deductions were insisted on as containing the
philosophy of the whole question, leading, as they did, to the single
principle from which the laws could be deduced, and the third law
corrected when the mass of the planet was comparable with that of the
sun. Sometimes Thomson would read the remarkable passage in Hegel's
Logik, in which he refers to the Newtonian theory of gravitation and
says, "The planets are not pulled this way and that, they move along in
their orbits like the blessed gods," and remark upon it. On one occasion
his remark was, "Well, gentlemen, if these be his physics, what must his
metaphysics be?" And certainly that a philosopher should deny, as Hegel
seemed to do, all merit to the philosophical setting in which Newton
placed the empirical results of Kepler, is a very remarkable phenomenon.
The vivacity and enthusiasm of the Professor at that time were very
great. The animation of his countenance as he looked at a gyrostat
spinning, standing on a knife-edge on the glass plate in front of him,
and leaning over so that its centre of gravity was on one side of the
point of support; the delight with which he showed that hurrying of the
precessional motion caused the gyrostat to rise, and retarding the
precessional motion caused the gyrostat to fall, so that the freedom to
"precess" was the secret of its not falling; the immediate application
of the study of the gyrostat to the explanation of the precession of the
equinoxes, and illustration by a model of a terrestrial globe, arranged
so that the centre should be a fixed point, while its axis--a material
spike of brass--rolled round a horizontal circle, the centre of which
represented the pole of the ecliptic, and the diameter of which
subtended an angle at the centre of the globe of twice the obliquity of
the ecliptic; the pleasure with which he pointed to the motion of the
equinoctial points along a circle surrounding the globe on a level with
its centre, and representing the plane of the ecliptic, and the smile
with which he announced, when the axis had rolled once round the circle,
that 26,000 years had elapsed--all these delighted his hearers, and made
the lecture memorable.
Then the gyrostat, mounted with its axis vertical on trunnions on a
level with the fly-wheel, and resting on a wooden frame carried about by
the professor! The delight of the students with the quiescence of the
gyrostat when the frame, gyrostat and all, was carried round in the
direction of the spin of the fly-wheel, and its sudden turning upside
down when the frame was carried round the other way, was extreme, and
when he suggested that a gyrostat might be concealed on a tray of
glasses carried by a waiter, their appreciation of what would happen was
shown by laughter and a tumult of applause.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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