mark and leave it standing. The feed in the wood was to be divided into four pasts, of which Stratford was to have three. The last provision seems to indicate that the wood was then enclosed and not subject to common rights of pasture. In later times, however, this was overlooked, and it seems to have been held that Monk Wood was only reserved to the lord on the condition that his tenant farmers should be restrained from lopping at large in the Forest and so infringing the privileges of copyholders. Monk Wood was lopped for the last time somewhere about 1840. In 1767 the tenant of Alderton Hall had under his lease an assignment from it of 1000 faggots yearly ‘to be made up as London ware,’ and 100 logs; in 1787 he had 500 faggots and 250 logs: all to be used on the premises. For this information I am indebted to a couple of old leases kindly lent me by Mr. G. S. Gould. LANDLORD AND TENANT IN THE MIDDLE AGES. In addition to making copies of their deeds the Monastic owners of lands frequently drew up what are known as ‘Extents’—_i.e._ detailed descriptions of the services due from their tenants, the stock on their farms, and a multitude of other matters into which we need not go. It can have been no joke to be a landed proprietor in those days; and possibly it was a still more serious matter to be a tenant. From such an account of their manors here in Loughton which the monks had drawn up somewhere before 1300, we had that Alderton (Aluertuna, Alwarton, Alwardtun, ‘Ailward’s town’) was still the largest, the most populous, and possibly the most lucrative, of the four manors said by Domesday to belong to them. Typeden (Debden) comes next, and Luketon (Loughton) makes a bad third. The explanation of this is probably that the manors of Loughton were kept in hand and farmed, while the others had been granted out to what may be roughly styled ‘copyholders.’ Of such copyholders there were in Alderton 28, holding 371 acres, paying between them something over 40s. a year in money, 47 fowls, and 424½ eggs. In Loughton were eight tenants holding 75 acres, and paying about 14s., and 9 fowls. In Debden there were 24 tenants, who held 160 acres, and paid about 23s., 17 fowls, and 26 eggs. It is interesting to note that among the names are found Achelard, from whom Allard’s Grove is derived; Potman, whose name still cleaves to a field by Clays-lane, near Debden Green; and Ralph Traps. Memories must have been good in those days, when but few could read or write; for, of the tenants, no two paid exactly the same rent—and when I say ‘pay’ you must by no means conclude that money is meant. In rural economy at that date money played but a minor part, as we shall see if we look at the complicated services due to the landlord from, for instance, Arnold and William Ram, who held 15 acres in Alderton; and no one held more than 15, although many held less. Arnold, we are told, paid 31d. a year and a ‘warpany’ (ward-penny) of 2d.; the