Occamist “acceptation” and Lutheran “imputation.” Luther assails the habit of supernatural grace and replaces the doctrine of an essential order of things by the arbitrary _pactum Dei_. Divorce of faith and reason. Feeling and religious experience. Predestination; transubstantiation. Luther’s anti-Thomism, his combativeness and loquacity. Other alleged influences, viz. Gallicanism, ultra-realism, Wiclifism, and Neo-Platonism _pages_ 155-165 CHAPTER V. THE ROCKS OF FALSE MYSTICISM _pages_ 166-183 1. TAULER AND LUTHER. Tauler’s orthodox doctrine distorted by Luther to serve his purpose. Passivity in the hands of God explained as the absence of all effort. Luther’s application of Tauler’s teaching to his own states of anxiety. His knowledge of Tauler; annotations to Tauler’s sermons; the German mystics; a “return to nothingness” the supreme aim of the Christian _pages_ 166-174 2. EFFECT OF MYSTICISM ON LUTHER. Advantages of its study outweighed by disadvantage. Why Luther failed to become a true mystic. Specimens of his mystic utterances. His edition of the “Theologia Deutsch”; attitude to pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, St. Bernard and Gerson; an excerpt from his “_Operationes in psalmos_” _pages_ 175-183 CHAPTER VI. THE CHANGE OF 1515 IN THE LIGHT OF THE COMMENTARY ON ROMANS (1515-16) _pages_ 184-261 1. THE NEW PUBLICATIONS. Denifle the first to utilise the Commentary on Romans. Ficker’s recent edition of the original. General remarks on the Commentary. Aim of St. Paul according to Luther _pages_ 184-187 2. GLOOMY VIEWS REGARDING GOD AND PREDESTINATION. Luther’s “more profound theology” and unconditional predestination to hell; God’s will that the wicked be damned. God to be approached in fear and despair, not with works and in the hope of reward. The mystic on resignation to hell. Man’s will and his salvation entirely in God’s hands. Objections: Is it not God’s will that all be saved? Why impose commandments which the will is not free to perform? Unperceived inconsistencies _pages_ 187-197 3. THE FIGHT AGAINST “HOLINESS-BY-WORKS” AND THE OBSERVANTINES IN THE COMMENTARY ON ROMANS. Luther’s aversion to works and observances. His rude description of the “Observants” and “Justiciaries.” The very word “righteousness” a cause of vexation _pages_ 197-202 4. ATTACK ON PREDISPOSITION TO GOOD AND ON FREE WILL. Human nature entirely spoiled by original sin. Being unable to fulfil the command “_Non concupisces_,” we are ever sinning mortally. Uncertainty of salvation; the will not free for good. Interpretation of Rom. viii. 2 f. Against Scholasticism. In penance and confession no removal (_ablatio_) of sin _pages_ 202-209