The spokesman of the English mission, Bishop Edward Fox, demanded from
Luther the admission that the King had separated from his first wife
“on very just grounds.” Luther, however, would only agree that he
had done so “on very many grounds.” He said later, in conversation,
that his insistence on this verbal nicety had cost him three hundred
Gulden, which he would have received from England in the event of
his compliance.[27] He cannot indeed be accused of having been,
from ecclesiastico-political motives, too hasty in gratifying the
King’s demands in the matter of the divorce. Yet, on the other hand,
it is not unlikely that the desire to pave the way for a practical
understanding was one of the motives for his mode of action. His
previous outspoken declarations against any dissolution of the Royal
marriage compelled him to assume an attitude not too strongly at
variance with his earlier opinion.
After the new marriage had taken place negotiations with England
continued, principally with the object of securing such acceptance
of the new doctrine as might lead to a politico-religious alliance
between that country and the Schmalkalden Leaguers. Luther, however,
stubbornly refused to concede anything to the King in the matter of
his chief doctrines, for instance, regarding Justification or the
rejection of the Mass.
The articles agreed upon at the lengthy conferences held during the
early months of 1536--and made public only in 1905 (see above, p. 9,
n. 4)--failed to satisfy the King, although they displayed a very
conciliatory spirit. Melanchthon outdid himself in his endeavour to
render the Wittenberg teaching acceptable. “It is true that the
main points of faith were not sacrificed,” remarks the discoverer
and editor of the articles in question, “but the desire to please
noticeable in their form, even in such questions as those concerning
the importance of good works, monasteries, etc., is nevertheless
surprising.”[28] Luther himself, in a letter of April 29, 1536, to
the Electoral Vice-Chancellor Burkhard, spoke of the concessions
made in these articles as the final limit; to go further would be
to concede to the King of England what had been refused to the Pope
and the Emperor; “at Augsburg [in 1530] we might have come to terms
more easily with the Pope and the Emperor, nay, perhaps we might do
so even now.” To enter into an ecclesiastico-political alliance with
the English would, he considers, be “dangerous,” for the Schmalkalden
Leaguers “were not all of one mind”; hence the (theological) articles
ought first to be accepted; the League was, however, a secular matter
and therefore he would beg the “beloved Lords and my Gracious Master
to consider” whether they could accept it without a previous agreement
being reached on the point of theology.[29]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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