Nevertheless during the ensuing controversies he was regarded as a
traitor by the stricter Lutherans and treated with a scorn that did
much to embitter his last years. The attitude of his opponents was
particularly noticeable at the conference of Worms in 1557. Even
before this, they, particularly the Jena theologians, had planned
an outspoken condemnation of all those who “had departed from the
Augsburg Confession,” as Melanchthon had done. They now appeared at
Worms with others of the same way of thinking. “I desire no fellowship
with those who defile the purity of our doctrine,” wrote one of them;
“we must shun them, according to the words of the Bible: ‘If any man
come to you and bring not this doctrine, receive him not into the
house nor say to him, God speed you.’”[990] The friends of Flacius
Illyricus at the very first meeting made no secret of their unanimous
demand, so that Melanchthon in his justificatory statement could well
say: “I see plainly that all this is directed solely against me.” He
opposed any condemnation of Zwingli or of Calvin on account of their
doctrine on the Supper; this, he said, was the business of a synod.
At the very outset of the disputations with the Catholics it
became evident anew that the divergency of the Protestants in the
interpretation of Holy Scripture was too great to allow of the
points under discussion being satisfactorily settled in conference;
the abrogation of an ecclesiastical authority for the exposition
of Scripture had resulted in an ever-growing want of unity in the
interpretation of the Bible. Peter Canisius, the Catholic spokesman,
pointed out emphatically what obstacles were presented by the
contradictory opinions on doctrine amongst the Protestants; where
every man traced his opinions back to Scripture, how was it possible
to arrive at any decision?[991] It was from Canisius, “who during the
course of the conference distinguished himself as the leader of the
Catholic party and later repeatedly proved himself a sharp observer
of the religious conditions in Germany,”[992] that the suggestion
came, that the Protestants should define their position more clearly
by repudiating certain divergent sects. This led the followers of
Flacius to demand that all the Evangelicals should unite in condemning
Zwinglianism, Osianderism, Adiaphorism and Majorism, and also Calvin’s
doctrine on the Supper. To this Melanchthon and his friends absolutely
refused to agree. The result was that the followers of Flacius
departed greatly incensed, and the conference had to be broken off.
“The contradictions in the very heart of Protestantism were thus
revealed to the whole world.”[993]
“No greater disgrace befell the Reformation in the 16th century.”[994]
From that time Melanchthon was a broken man. His friend Languet wrote
to Calvin, “Mr. Philip is so worn out with old age, toils, calumnies
and intrigues that nothing is left of his former cheerfulness.”[995]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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