V. _Religion and Morals._ Collision between the two in Greece, and its consequences. Synthesis of religion and morality among the Jews: and in Christianity 68-78 Subsequent collisions between religion and morals within the Christian Church. The Reformation a moral protest. Immorality of its later developments. Modern protest against these 78-82 VI. _Religion and Reason._ Protest of Greek Philosophy against Polytheism. Christian Theology the meeting-point of Jewish religion and Greek Philosophy 82-86 What Theology is. Objection to it from the side of (1) religion, (2) philosophy 86-90 The Christian doctrine of the Trinity an appeal to the reason 90-91 Its answer to the speculative problems of Greek thought (1) as to what unity is; (2) as to the immanence of reason in nature 91-95 The witness of the Fathers 95 The doctrine of the Trinity the true Monotheism; the doctrine of the _Logos_ as personal yet immanent 95-96 VII. The Christian doctrine of God why challenged in the present day 96 The deism of the last century. The new science of nature. Evolution restores the truth of the Divine immanence which deism denied. Pantheistic reaction 96-102 The Christian doctrine of God the safeguard of rational religion against deism and pantheism 102-103 VIII. The so-called 'proofs' of the existence of God 103-104 Parallel between the belief in God and the belief in nature 104-107 Verification in experience the only 'proof.' Reason in both the interpreter of Faith 107-109 III. THE PROBLEM OF PAIN. The problem of pain admits of no new treatment, but the attempt to use it as an argument against Christianity calls for a recapitulation of what may be said on the other side 113 Pain is (1) animal, (2) human. (1) Animal pain is a thing of which we can only form imaginative conjectures; and these, besides being liable to exaggeration, are not of a nature to form premisses for argument 113-116 (2) Common sense tells us that human pain contributes as (_a_) punitive, (_b_) purgatorial, (_c_) prophylactic, to the development of the individual and the race 116-119