Madam How and Lady Why; Or, First Lessons in Earth Lore for ChildrenKingsley, Charles
History
Madam How and Lady Why; Or, First Lessons in Earth Lore for Children
Kingsley, Charles
Geology -- Juvenile literature; Natural history -- Juvenile literature
Yes--and here is another, and another. Why, I have got I don't know how
many.
Why not? Bring them here, and let us see. Nine kinds of grasses, and a
rush. Six kinds of clovers and vetches; and besides, dandelion, and
rattle, and oxeye, and sorrel, and plantain, and buttercup, and a little
stitchwort, and pignut, and mouse-ear hawkweed, too, which nobody wants.
Why?
Because they are a sign that I am not a good farmer enough, and have not
quite turned my Wild into Field.
What do you mean?
Look outside the boundary fence, at the moors and woods; they are forest,
Wild--"Wald," as the Germans would call it. Inside the fence is
Field--"Feld," as the Germans would call it. Guess why?
Is it because the trees inside have been felled?
Well, some say so, who know more than I. But now go over the fence, and
see how many of these plants you can find on the moor.
Oh, I think I know. I am so often on the moor.
I think you would find more kinds outside than you fancy. But what do
you know?
That beside some short fine grass about the cattle-paths, there are
hardly any grasses on the moor save deer's hair and glade-grass; and all
the rest is heath, and moss, and furze, and fern.
Softly--not all; you have forgotten the bog plants; and there are (as I
said) many more plants beside on the moor than you fancy. But we will
look into that another time. At all events, the plants outside are on
the whole quite different from the hay-field.
Of course: that is what makes the field look green and the moor brown.
Not a doubt. They are so different, that they look like bits of two
different continents. Scrambling over the fence is like scrambling out
of Europe into Australia. Now, how was that difference made? Think.
Don't guess, but think. Why does the rich grass come up to the bank, and
yet not spread beyond it?
I suppose because it cannot get over.
Not get over? Would not the wind blow the seeds, and the birds carry
them? They do get over, in millions, I don't doubt, every summer.
Then why do they not grow?
Think.
Is there any difference in the soil inside and out?
A very good guess. But guesses are no use without facts. Look.
Oh, I remember now. I know now the soil of the field is brown, like the
garden; and the soil of the moor all black and peaty.
Yes. But if you dig down two or three feet, you will find the soils of
the moor and the field just the same. So perhaps the top soils were once
both alike.
I know.
Well, and what do you think about it now? I want you to look and think.
I want every one to look and think. Half the misery in the world comes
first from not looking, and then from not thinking. And I do not want
you to be miserable.
But shall I be miserable if I do not find out such little things as this.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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