1671 The second edition of Kircher’s _Ars Magna Lucis et Umbrae_ is published with an expanded treatment of the magic lantern and specific instructions on how it may be used for entertainment and instruction. 1674 Claude Milliet de Chales, a Frenchman, describes the use of an improved projection lens system for the magic lantern. 1680 Robert Hooke develops his _camera lucida_ in England. His plan was suggested in 1668 but by 1680 it had been improved and showed images in a room which was only partially darkened. 1685 Johann Zahn develops Kircher’s lantern to its highest state prior to the introduction of improved light sources of electricity or gas in the 19th century. 1692 William Molyneux, of Dublin, in his _Dioptrica Nova_ introduces the improved magic lantern, scientifically described, in the British Isles. 1704 John Harris, divine and scientific writer, describes a better camera fitted with a “scioptic ball” or perforated globe of wood which could be turned in different directions to show diverse views. 1711 Willem Jakob Van’s Gravesande, a Dutchman, discusses projection and is credited with inventing the heliostat which made it possible for scientists to use the light of the sun in projection work, as well as in astronomy. 1727 Publication of the revised _Dictionnaire Universel_ of Abbé Antoine Furetière edited by M. Brutel de la Rivière--with a description of the magic lantern spreads the use of the projector in France. Johann Heinrich Schultze, a German professor of eloquence and antiquities, observes that light has an effect on a bottle of chalk and silver nitrate solution. He explains how others can duplicate his effects by concentrating the sun’s rays on a bottle of the solution by means of a burning glass. 1736 Pieter van Musschenbroek introduces “motion” into the magic lantern by using a multiple slide system and a mechanical means of shaking one of the glass slides. 1747 Leonhard Euler, a Swiss mathematician, describes a camera for Empress Catherine of Russia. 1752 Benjamin Franklin, pioneer American scientist, writes: “I must own I am much in the dark about light.” 1753 Three different types of the camera in fixed and portable models are described in the famous French _Encyclopédie_. 1760 Abbé Nollet’s “Whirling Top,” a toy which shows the illusion of motion in a striking fashion, is a popular children’s plaything in Paris. 1772 François Séraphin, a magician, is credited with introducing the art of shadow plays in France. 1777 Carl William Scheele, a Swedish chemist, discusses the action of light on silver chloride.