Mahan on naval warfare : $b Selections from the writing of Rear Admiral Alfred T. MahanMahan, A. T. (Alfred Thayer)
History
Mahan on naval warfare : $b Selections from the writing of Rear Admiral Alfred T. Mahan
Mahan, A. T. (Alfred Thayer)
Naval art and science; Naval strategy; Sea-power
Washington and Rochambeau had met on the 21st of May, and decided that
the situation demanded that the effort of the French West Indian fleet,
when it came, should be directed against either New York or the
Chesapeake. This was the tenor of the despatch found by De Grasse at Cap
Français,[57] and meantime the allied generals drew their troops toward
New York, where they would be on hand for the furtherance of one object,
and nearer the second if they had to make for it.
In either case the result, in the opinion both of Washington and of the
French government, depended upon superior sea power; but Rochambeau had
privately notified the admiral that his own preference was for the
Chesapeake as the scene of the intended operations, and moreover the
French government had declined to furnish the means for a formal siege
of New York.[58] The enterprise therefore assumed the form of an
extensive military combination, dependent upon ease and rapidity of
movement, and upon blinding the eyes of the enemy to the real
objective,—purposes to which the peculiar qualities of a navy admirably
lent themselves. The shorter distance to be traversed, the greater depth
of water and easier pilotage of the Chesapeake, were further reasons
which would commend the scheme to the judgment of a seaman; and De
Grasse readily accepted it, without making difficulties or demanding
modifications which would have involved discussion and delay.
Having made his decision, the French admiral acted with great good
judgment, promptitude, and vigor. The same frigate that brought
despatches from Washington was sent back, so that by August 15 the
allied generals knew of the intended coming of the fleet. Thirty-five
hundred soldiers were spared by the governor of Cap Français, upon the
condition of a Spanish squadron anchoring at the place, which De Grasse
procured. He also raised from the governor of Havana the money urgently
needed by the Americans; and finally, instead of weakening his force by
sending convoys to France, as the court had wished, he took every
available ship to the Chesapeake. To conceal his coming as long as
possible, he passed through the Bahama Channel, as a less frequented
route, and on the 30th of August anchored in Lynnhaven Bay, just within
the capes of the Chesapeake, with twenty-eight ships-of-the-line. Three
days before, August 27, the French squadron at Newport, eight
ships-of-the-line with four frigates and eighteen transports under M. de
Barras, sailed for the rendezvous; making, however, a wide circuit out
to sea to avoid the English. This course was the more necessary as the
French siege-artillery was with it. The troops under Washington and
Rochambeau[59] had crossed the Hudson on the 24th of August, moving
toward the head of Chesapeake Bay. Thus the different armed forces, both
land and sea, were converging toward their objective, Cornwallis.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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