Produced by Don Kostuch [Transcriber's notes] This is derived from a copy on the Internet Archive: http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924012267013 Page numbers in this book are indicated by numbers enclosed in curly braces, e.g. {99}. They have been located where page breaks occurred in the original book. Obvious spelling errors have been corrected but "inventive" and inconsistent spelling is left unchanged. Extended quotations and citations are indented. Footnotes have been renumbered to avoid ambiguity, and relocated to the end of the enclosing paragraph. There are several occurrences of square brackets used by the author. They do not begin with "Transcriber's note", "Footnote", or "Illustration". [End Transcriber's notes] _By the Same author_. Catholic Churchmen in Science. Cloth, gilt top, with portraits. The Dolphin Press, Philadelphia, 1906. $1.00, _net_. History of the Medical Society of the State of New York (appearing serially in _New York State Journal of Medicine_, beginning February, 1906). _In Press_. The Thirteenth the Greatest of Centuries. _In Preparation_. The Popes in Medical History. _In Collaboration_. Essays in Pastoral Medicine. O'Malley and Walsh. Longmans, Green & Co., New York, 1906. $2.50, _net_. [Illustration: PASTEUR] MAKERS of Modern Medicine BY JAMES J. WALSH, M.D., Ph.D., LL.D. ACTING DEAN AND PROFESSOR OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND OF NERVOUS DISEASES, FORDHAM UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL, AND ADJUNCT PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE AT THE NEW YORK POLYCLINIC SCHOOL FOR GRADUATES IN MEDICINE; PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY AT ST. FRANCIS XAVIER'S COLLEGE IN NEW YORK. FORDHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK 1907 COPYRIGHT, 1907, FORDHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS, NEW YORK. TO DR. WILLIAM OSLER WHO EXEMPLIFIES FOR THIS GENERATION THE FINEST QUALITIES OF THESE MAKERS OF OUR MODERN MEDICINE, THIS VOLUME IS WITH HIS KIND PERMISSION DEDICATED AS A SLIGHT TOKEN OF THE ADMIRATION OF A DISTANT DISCIPLE. "If in some things I dissent from others, whose wit, industry, diligence and judgment I look up at and admire, let me not therefore hear presently of ingratitude and rashness. For I thank those that have taught me, and will ever; but yet dare not think the scope of their labor and inquiry was to envy their posterity what they also could add and find out. If I err, pardon me. I do not desire to be equal with those that went before; but to have my reasons examined with theirs, and so much faith to be given them, or me, as those shall evict. I am neither author or fautor of any sect. I will have no man addict himself to me; but if I have anything right, defend it as Truth's, not mine, save as it conduceth to a common good. It profits not me to have any man fence or fight for me, to follow or take my part. Stand for truth, and 'tis enough." {vii} PREFACE.