Made under the Marquis of Stafford between 1807 and 1820, in which year the popular odium was at its height, and the landlord made his defence in a well-known pamphlet by his factor, James Loch. Footnote 421: Cf. Malthus, _Essay_, 7th ed., p. 229, top; cf. pp. 221 ft., 223 ft.; 2nd ed., pp. 326–7. Footnote 422: See Malthus, _Essay_, 7th ed., p. 227. Cf. Farr in _Statist. Journ._, 16th Feb. 1846. Footnote 423: Drawn chiefly from the _Statistical Account of Scotland_, 1791–99. Footnote 424: Lavergne, _Econ. Rur. de l’Angleterre_, ch. xx. p. 310. Footnote 425: The 6th simply adds the numbers of the people from the census of 1821, with hardly any comment. Footnote 426: 2nd ed. says “barbarism.” Footnote 427: 2nd ed., “depressed.” Footnote 428: 2nd ed. adds, “by the filth of their persons.” Footnote 429: 2nd ed., pp. 334–5; 7th ed., p. 229. He refers to the rebellion of 1795–98, that was prelude to the Union of 1800, and was fresh in his memory. Footnote 430: _Edin. Review_, July 1808, the only review in that journal assigned to him by express testimony. Footnote 431: _3rd Report of Emigration Committee_ (1827), Evid., qu. 3225. Footnote 432: In the article on Newenham he incidentally utters the paradox that in view of the low standard of food the people’s indolence is almost an advantage, for it prevents wages falling quite down to that level.—Art. p. 341. Cf. _Essay_, IV. xi. 456–7. For his view of potatoes in Ireland, _ibid._, 453. Footnote 433: Cf. _Review of Newenham_, p. 352. Footnote 434: Cf. Rogers, _Six Centuries of Work and Wages_ (1884), p. 484. Footnote 435: In a sense already frequently noticed. So in answer 3401, where he seems to accept the phrase “moral degradation” as applied to Ireland. Footnote 436: Cf. above, pp. 95 and 195 n. Professor Rogers must have forgotten such passages as these when he wrote the 62nd and 63rd pages of his _Six Centuries of Work and Wages_ (1884), though he furnishes his own correction on a following page (484). Footnote 437: _Wealth of Nations_, V. iii. 430, 1, 2. Footnote 438: Sir Wm. Petty made it 1,100,000 in 1672. See MacCulloch, Append. to _Wealth of Nations_, (IV.) 462. Footnote 439: See Sir H. Parnell’s evidence in _3rd Report to Emigration Committee_, 1827, p. 200. He thinks that between 1792 and 1821 the population of Ireland had doubled itself. Footnote 440: Malthus, Evidence before Emigration Committee, 1827; _3rd Report_, qu. 3430, p. 327. Footnote 441: Querist (1735) 134: “Whether if there was a wall of brass a thousand cubits high round this kingdom, our natives might not nevertheless live cleanly and comfortably, till the land, and reap the fruits of it?” The “caged rats” of the Corn Law pamphlets give us the other side of the question. Footnote 442: