Materialism; Mind and body; Physiology -- Early works to 1800
Here is the result in a few words, of all their reflections. If there
is a God, He is the Author of nature as well as of revelation. He has
given us the one to explain the other, and reason to make them agree.
To distrust the knowledge that can be drawn from the study of animated
bodies, is to regard nature and revelation as two contraries which
destroy each the other, and consequently to dare uphold the absurd
doctrine, that God contradicts Himself in His various works and
deceives us.
If there is a revelation, it can not then contradict nature. By nature
only can we understand the meaning of the words of the Gospel, of which
experience is the only true interpreter. In fact, the commentators
before our time have only obscured the truth. We can judge of this
by the author of the "Spectacle of Nature."{3} "It is astonishing,"
he says concerning Locke, "that a man who degrades our soul far
enough to consider it a soul of clay should dare set up reason as
judge and sovereign arbiter of the mysteries of faith, for," he adds,
"what an astonishing idea of Christianity one would have, if one were
to follow reason."
Not only do these reflections fail to elucidate faith, but they also
constitute such frivolous objections to the method of those who
undertake to interpret the Scripture, that I am almost ashamed to
waste time in refuting them.
The excellence of reason does not depend on a big word devoid of
meaning (immateriality), but on the force, extent, and perspicuity
of reason itself. Thus a "soul of clay" which should discover,
at one glance, as it were, the relations and the consequences of
an infinite number of ideas hard to understand, would evidently be
preferable to a foolish and stupid soul, though that were composed
of the most precious elements. A man is not a philosopher because,
with Pliny, he blushes over the wretchedness of our origin. What
seems vile is here the most precious of things, and seems to be the
object of nature's highest art and most elaborate care. But as man,
even though he should come from an apparently still more lowly source,
would yet be the most perfect of all beings, so whatever the origin
of his soul, if it is pure, noble, and lofty, it is a beautiful soul
which dignifies the man endowed with it.
Pluche's second way of reasoning seems vicious to me, even in his
system, which smacks a little of fanaticism; for [on his view] if we
have an idea of faith as being contrary to the clearest principles,
to the most incontestable truths, we must yet conclude, out of respect
for revelation and its author, that this conception is false, and
that we do not yet understand the meaning of the words of the Gospel.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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