The three main varieties of hair are the _straight_, the _wavy_ and the so-called _woolly_, termed respectively _Leiotrichous_, _Cymotrichous_ and _Ulotrichous_[128]. Straight hair usually falls straight down, though it may curl at the ends, it is generally coarse and stiff, and is circular in section. Wavy hair is undulating, forming long curves or imperfect spirals, or closer rings or curls, and the section is more or less elliptical. Woolly hair is characterised by numerous, close, often interlocking spirals, 1-9 mm. in diameter, the section giving the form of a lengthened ellipse. Straight hair is usually the longest, and woolly hair the shortest, wavy hair occupying an intermediate position. SCHEME OF CLASSIFICATION. I. ULOTRICHI (Woolly-haired). 1. The African Negroes, Negrilloes, Bushmen. 2. The Oceanic Negroes: Papuans, Melanesians in part, Tasmanians, Negritoes. II. LEIOTRICHI (Straight-haired). 1. The Southern Mongols. 2. The Oceanic Mongols, Polynesians in part. 3. The Northern Mongols. 4. The American Aborigines. III. CYMOTRICHI (Curly or Wavy-haired). 1. The Pre-Dravidians: Vedda, Sakai, etc., Australians. 2. The "Caucasic" peoples: A. Southern Dolichocephals: Mediterraneans, Hamites, Semites, Dravidians, Indonesians, Polynesians in part. B. Northern Dolichocephals: Nordics, Kurds, Afghans, some Hindus. C. Brachycephals: Alpines, including the short Cevenoles of Western and Central Europe, and tall Adriatics or Dinarics of Eastern Europe and the Armenians of Western Asia. FOOTNOTES: [66] Thus Lucretius: "Posterius ferri vis est aerisque reperta, Sed prior aeris erat quam ferri cognitus usus." [67] J. Dechelette points out that the term Copper "Age" is not justified for the greater part of Europe, as it suggests a demarcation which does not exist and also a more thorough chemical analysis of early metals than we possess. He prefers the term aeneolithic (_aeneus_, copper, [Greek: lithos], stone), coined by the Italians, to denote the period of transition, dating, according to Montelius, from about 2500 B.C. to 1900 B.C. _Manuel d'Archeologie prehistorique_, II. 1, _Age du Bronze_, 1910, pp. 99-100, 105. [68] _Eth._, Chap. XIII. [69] See G. Elliot Smith, _The Ancient Egyptians_, 1911, pp. 97-8. [70] Paper on "The Transition from Pure Copper to Bronze," etc., read at the Meeting of the Brit. Assoc. Liverpool, 1896. [71] _Loc. cit._ p. 3. But cf. H. R. Hall, _The Ancient History of the Near East_, 1912, pp. 33 and 90 _n._ 2. [72] G. A. Reisner, _The Early Cemeteries of Naga-ed-der_ (University of California Publications), 1908, and _Report of the Archaeological Survey of Nubia_, 1907-8. [73] "Campagnes de 1907-8," _Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres_, 1908, p. 373.