9. Give examples of the different kinds of boycott. What seems to be the attitude of the federal courts as to the lawfulness of boycotts? 10. Is there any similarity between the methods of trade unions and the etiquette of the medical and the legal professions? 11. Some trade unions limit the number of apprentices in their trades. Is this a justifiable policy on their part? 12. Of the methods employed by trade unions to raise the wages of their members, which are prejudicial and which are not prejudicial to the interests of the rest of the community, including non-union labor? Give reasons. 13. Can wages be affected by the "collective bargaining" of trade unions and if so indicate in that connection a justification (if one exists) for trade union organization. 14. If a trade union sets a minimum rate of wages lower than the competitive market rate would be in the absence of organization, which rate would the members receive? State the facts from the Source Book which lead you to your answer. 15. Have trade unions raised or lowered the wages of non-union labor? 16. What is the attitude of American trade unions toward efficiency systems as attempts to introduce improved methods of production (not systems of payment)? CHAPTER 21 PUBLIC REGULATION OF HOURS AND WAGES REFERENCES. _Abbott, Edith_, Progress of the minimum wage in England. J. P. E., 23: 268-277. 1915. Women in industry. 1915. *_Adams_ and _Sumner_, chs. II, VIII, XII, secs. 1-4, 9, XIII, sec. 2. _Barnett, G. E._, and _McCabe, D. A._, Mediation, investigation and arbitration of industrial disputes. 1916. _Clark, V. S._, The labor movement in Australasia. 1906. _Commons_, chs. VII, VIII, XVIII, XXI. *_Commons_ and _Andrews_, chs. III, secs. 2, 3, IV, V. _Compton, W. M._, Wage theories in industrial arbitration. A. E. Rev., 6: 324-342. 1916. _Hammond, M. B._, Judicial interpretation of the minimum wage in Australia. A. E. Rev., 3: 259-286. 1913. _Hammond, M. B._, Wages boards in Australia. Q. J. E., 29: 98-148, 326-361, 563-630. 1914-1915. _Holcombe, A. N._, The legal minimum wage in the United States. A. E. Rev., 2: 21-37. 1912. _Kelley, Florence_, Minimum-wage laws. J. P. E., 20: 999-1010. 1912. _Millis, H. A._, Some aspects of the minimum wage. J. P. E., 22: 132-155. 1914. _Mote, C. H._, Industrial arbitration. 1916. _Persons, C. E._, Women's work and wages in the United States. Q. J. E., 29: 201-234. 1914-1915. _Suffern, A. E._, Conciliation and arbitration in the coal industry of America. 1915. _United States Bureau of Labor Statistics_, Bul. 175. 1915. Summary of report on woman and child wage-earners. _Webb, Sidney_, The economic theory of a legal minimum wage. J. P. E., 20: 973-998. 1912.