_Guyot, Yves_, Where and why public ownership has failed. Trans. by H. F. Baker. 1914. _Knapp, M. A._, Government ownership of railroads. A. A. A., 19: 61-73. 1902. _National Civic Federation_, Report on municipal and private operation of public utilities. 1907. 3 vols. (A monumental study by an American delegation, which visited many cities of Europe and America; favorable, in the main, to extension of municipal ownership.) _Winchell, B. L._, Drift toward government ownership of railways. Atlan. Mo., 110: 747-758. 1912. QUESTIONS. 1. Does every government enterprise necessarily narrow the field for private enterprise and diminish the amount of competition? 2. What forms of state activity favor survival of unfit men and bad traits of character? What forms help the fittest to survive? 3. What are municipal franchises? Where are they? 4. Why does the public consent to grant patents or public franchises? 5. What kinds of municipal industries have you seen in operation? How successful were they? 6. What are the main arguments for and against the city ownership and control of gas and waterworks? What troubles arise from city politics? 7. Name the industries that are owned and controlled by towns and cities of which you have a personal knowledge. Which of them are most satisfactory in your judgment? Which the least so? 8. What is the public sentiment in your home community as to the ownership of industries by the town or city? CHAPTER 31 SOME ASPECTS OF SOCIALISM REFERENCES. _Brooks, J. G._, The problem of syndicalism. A. E. Rev., 4 (no. 1, supp.): 115-130. 1914. Round table discussion of above, 131-157. _Clark, J. B._, Social justice without socialism. 1914. _Ensor, R. C. K._, (Ed.), Modern socialism. 2d ed., 1907. (Selections from socialistic sources.) _Gladden, Washington_, Tools and the man. 1893. (One example of a large number of American books appealing for the application of Christian ethics to social questions.) _Hillquit, M._, History of socialism in the United States. 1903. _Hillquit, M._, Socialism in theory and practice. 1909. _Hinds, W. A._, American communities. 2d ed., 1908. (Describes many experiments, all failures; by a sympathizer with socialism.) _Kirkup, T._, Inquiry into socialism. 3d ed., 1907. (A sympathetic, but not a partizan statement.) _Lockwood, G. B._, The New Harmony movement. 2d ed., 1907. _Martin, John_, An attempt to define socialism. A. E. Assn. Bul., 4th ser., 1 (no. 2): 347-354. 1911. Round table discussion of above, 355-367. _Menger, A._, The right to the whole produce of labor. Trans. 1899. (Masterly criticism.) _Rae, John_, Contemporary socialism. 3d ed., 1901. (Standard work by a non-socialist.)