Inventions; Science; Technology -- Social aspects; Technology and civilization
For a long time the _Britannia_ remained Queen of the Seas for speed,
but in 1852 the Atlantic record was reduced to nine and a half days by
the _Arctic_. In 1876 the _City of Paris_ cut down the time to eight
days and four hours. Twelve years later in 1879 the _Arizona_ still
further reduced it to seven days and eight hours. In 1881 the _Alaska_,
the first vessel to receive the title of "_Ocean Greyhound_," made the
trip in six days and twenty-one hours; in 1885 the _Umbria_ bounded over
in six days and two hours, in 1890 the _Teutonic_ of the White Star line
came across in five days, eighteen hours and twenty-eight minutes, which
was considered the limit for many years to come. It was not long
however, until the Cunard lowered the colors of the White Star, when the
_Lucania_ in 1893 brought the record down to five days and twelve
hours. For a dozen years or so the limit of speed hovered round the
five-and-a-half day mark, the laurels being shared alternately by the
vessels of the Cunard and White Star Companies. Then the Germans entered
the field of competition with steamers of from 14,500 to 20,000 tons
register and from 28,000 to 40,000 horse power. The _Deutschland_
soon began setting the pace for the ocean greyhounds, while other
vessels of the North German Lloyd line that won transatlantic honors
were the _Kaiser Wilhelm II., Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, Kronprinz
Wilhelm and Kronprinzessin Cecilie_, all remarkably fast boats with
every modern luxury aboard that science could devise. These vessels
are equipped with wireless telegraphy, submarine signalling systems,
water-tight compartments and every other safety appliance known to
marine skill. The _Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse_ raised the standard
of German supremacy in 1902 by making the passage from Cherbourg to
Sandy Hook lightship in five days and fifteen hours.
In 1909, however, the sister steamships _Mauretania_ and _Lusitania_ of
the Cunard line lowered all previous ocean records, by making the trip
in a little over four and a half days. They have been keeping up this
speed to the present time, and are universally regarded as the fastest
and best equipped steamships in the world,--the very last word in ocean
travel. On her last mid-September voyage the _Mauretania_ has broken all
ocean records by making the passage from Queenstown to New York in 4
days 10 hours and 47 minutes. But they are closely pursued by the White
Star greyhounds such as the _Oceanic_, the _Celtic_ and the _Cedric_,
steamships of world wide fame for service, appointments, and equipment.
Yet at the present writing the Cunard Company has another vessel on the
stocks, to be named the _Falconia_ which in measurements will eclipse
the other two and which they are confident will make the Atlantic trip
inside four days.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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