Mediæval Military Architecture in England, Volume 1 (of 2)Clark, George Thomas
History
Mediæval Military Architecture in England, Volume 1 (of 2)
Clark, George Thomas
Architecture -- England; Architecture, Medieval; Military architecture
The gateway has a slightly four-centred arch, very plain, and set
in the usual square-headed shallow recess, intended apparently to
receive the platform of the bridge when lifted. There are traces of
the chain holes in the spandrels. The whole is placed in a deeper
and plain recess, terminating above in a four-centred arch, which
carries the parapet, and has behind it three machicolations which
protect the entrance. Over the door is the usual portcullis chamber
window, and right and left other windows, all small and lancet,
some trefoil-headed, and some plain. Two pairs of loops command the
approach, one pair has oylet holes at each end of the slit. The other
pair have holes, rather larger, at the lower end only. It is the style
of loop that marks the introduction of fire-arms. In the jambs of the
portal is a half-round portcullis groove, and a little within a pair of
folding doors. The entrance passage, 12 feet broad and 30 feet long,
is unusually lofty. It is divided by a cross arch into two chambers,
both vaulted. The first, 18 feet long, has on the right and left small
lancet doors, leading by a narrow vaulted and ribbed mural passage into
the lodges, 11 feet by 10 feet. On the left is a second door opening on
a circular well-stair, 8 feet diameter, and unusually steep, leading to
the upper chambers and roof, and terminating in a turret at the angle
of the gatehouse. The vaulting has fallen in, but it is clear that it
resembled that of the second chamber. Beneath the cross archway is a
second portcullis, and beyond it the second part of the passage. This
is 12 feet square, without lateral doorways, and vaulted. The vault is
of four cells, three ribs and two half or wall-ribs springing from each
corner corbel, and meeting in one central, four lateral, and four half
bosses, placed upon two cross or ridge ribs. They are pierced as in the
inner ward gate of the Tower of London, and possibly each contained
a flower. The openings are, of the central boss 6 inches, and of the
others, 4 inches diameter. These apertures can scarcely have been meant
for defence; they are too small, and do not command the four corners of
the passage. No doubt a long pike might be thrust down some of them,
but scarcely, to be of use, down the half holes next the walls. As to
pouring down melted lead, pitch, or oil, such articles were always too
expensive to form a part of the regular munitions against a siege, nor
is there here, nor in portcullis chambers generally, any furnace for
heating such materials in any quantity.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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