Mediæval Military Architecture in England, Volume 2 (of 2)Clark, George Thomas
History
Mediæval Military Architecture in England, Volume 2 (of 2)
Clark, George Thomas
Architecture -- England; Architecture, Medieval; Military architecture
Mohun no doubt found the tor strongly fortified, after the English
manner, for not only was it a frontier fortress against the western
Celts, but it must have been exposed to the piratical invasion of the
Northmen, who gave name to the opposite islands of the Holms, and the
not very distant port of Swansea. The place was, in fact, a natural
burh on a large scale, such as Æthelflæd and Eadward the Elder were
wont to throw up artificially on a smaller scale in the early part of
the tenth century. There was the conical hill with its flat top for the
_aula_ or _domus defensabilis_, and the courtyard below for the huts
and sheds of the dependents and cattle.
William de Mohun was no mere adventurer. He was a great baron of
the Cotentin, having the castle of Moion in la Manche. He fought at
Hastings with a knightly following, and received from the Conqueror
from sixty to seventy manors in Somerset, Devon, Dorset, and Wilts.
These manors were in his time, or in that of his successor, combined
into an Honour, as was the case with those attached to the chief seats
of Plympton, Totnes, and Barnstaple. Dunster became the _caput honoris_.
The Honour of Dunster was one of about eighty-six in England, though
in what they differed from baronies is not precisely understood.
The nucleus of either was almost always an estate held before the
Conquest, added to largely by the Norman who conquered it. In all
cases it extended into more than one county, and was held of the king
_in capite_ by homage, fealty, and military service. By the laws of
Henry I., every lord could summon his liegemen before the court, “et
si residens est ad remotius manerium ejusdem honoris unde tenet, ibit
ad placitum, si dominus suus summoneat eum.” The Honour is not a
jurisdiction mentioned in Domesday, unless it be in a passage relating
to Cornwall where it is recorded, “Hæ terræ pertinent ad honores
chei;” chei being a place. The term is said to have been first used
by the Conqueror in his charter to the Abbot of Ramsey. Most of the
Honours seem to have fallen into disuse by the alienation of the manors
composing them, as was the case with Dunster, although the records show
that for many centuries the rights were maintained by the lord of the
castle in full rigour.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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