In Sweden the earliest medico-legal publication was a comprehensive treatise by Jonas Kiernander, in 1776,[125] which was followed in 1783 by a translation of Hebenstreit, by R. Martin. The voluminous writings of the brothers Wistrand (A. T. and A. H.), including a handbook, were published at Stockholm, between 1836 and 1871. Between 1846 and 1873, several articles upon medico-legal subjects were published at Helsingfors, in Finland, by E. J. Bonsdorff, O. E. Dahl, and J. A. Estlander. In 1838 Skielderup[126] published his lectures on legal medicine, delivered at Christiania, and Orlamundt[127] published a handbook at Copenhagen in 1843. The earliest recognition of medico-legal science in Russia was in the lectures of Balk,[128] begun in 1802 at the then newly founded University of Dorpat. Although dissertations upon subjects of medico-legal interest were published at the University of Leyden as early as the middle of the seventeenth century,[129] and the works of Pineau,[130] Zacchias,[131] Ludwig,[132] von Plenk,[133] and Metzger[134] were printed in Holland, either in Latin or in the vernacular, no original systematic work on legal medicine in the Dutch language has yet appeared. The only Belgian contribution to the literature of forensic medicine, other than articles in the journals, is a text-book by A. Dambre, first published at Ghent in 1859.[135] Two medico-legal works have been printed in the Japanese language, one a report of the lectures of Professor Ernst Tiegel, at the University of Tokio,[136] the other a treatise by Katayama.[137] In the United States the development of forensic medicine has kept pace with that in the mother country. In an introductory address delivered at the University of Pennsylvania in 1810, the distinguished Dr. Benjamin Rush dwelt eloquently upon the importance of the subject.[138] In 1813, Dr. James S. Stringham was appointed Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and a syllabus of his lectures was published in the following year.[139] At the same period (1812-13) Dr. Charles Caldwell delivered a course of lectures on medical jurisprudence in the University of Pennsylvania.[140] In 1815, Dr. T. R. Beck was appointed Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Western District of the State of New York; and soon after Dr. Walter Charming was appointed Professor of Midwifery and Medical Jurisprudence in Harvard University. In 1823, Dr. Williams, in the Berkshire Medical Institute, and Dr. Hale, of Boston, each lectured upon the subject.[141] In 1819, Dr. Thomas Cooper, formerly a judge in Pennsylvania, and at that time Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy in the University of Pennsylvania, reprinted, with notes and additions, the English works of Farr, Dease, Male, and Haslam.[142] The works of Ryan, Chitty, Traill, and Guy were also reprinted in this country shortly after their publication in England.