Here follows the literal translation of the passage of Juvenal, in which he describes in a very lively manner, the havock which an incensed Woman usually made on the above occasion. “If her husband has, the night before, turned his back on her, woe to her waiting Woman; the dressing Maids lay down their tunicks; the errand Slave is charged with having returned too late; the straps break on the back of some; others redden under the lash of the leather scourge, and others, of the twisted parchment.” _Si nocte maritus Aversus jacuit, periit Libraria; ponunt Cosmetæ tunicas; tardè venisse Liburnus Dicitur; hic frangit ferulas; rubet ille flagellis, Hic scuticâ._ Juv. Sat. VI. The wantonness of power was carried still farther by the Roman Ladies, if we may credit the same Juvenal. It was a customary thing with several among them, when they proposed to have their hair dressed both with nicety and expedition, to have the dressing Maid who was charged with that care, stripped naked to the waist, ready for flagellation, in case she became guilty of any fault or mistake, in performing her task. The following is the passage in Juvenal on that subject. “For, if she has determined to be dressed more nicely than usual, and is in haste, being expected in the public gardens, the unfortunate Psechas then dresses her head, with her own hair in the utmost disorder, and her shoulders and breasts bare. Why is that ringlet too high?--The leather-thongs instantly punish the crime of a hair, and an ill-shaped curl.” _Nam si constituit solitoque decentiùs optat Ornari & properat, jamque expectatur in hortis, Componit crinem, laceratis ipsa capillis, Nuda humeros, Psechas infœlix, nudisque mamillis: Altior hic quare cicinnus? taurea punit Continuò flexi crimen, facinusque capilli._ These abuses which Masters, in Rome, made of the power they possessed over their Slaves, were at last carried by them to such a pitch, either by making them wantonly suffer death, or torturing them in numberless different ways, that, in the beginning of the reign of the Emperors, it was found necessary to restrain their licence. Under the reign of Claudius (for it is not clear whether any provision to that effect was made under Augustus) it was ordained, that Masters who forsook their Slaves when sick, should lose all right over them, in case they recovered; and that those who deliberately put them to death, should be banished from Rome. Under the Emperor Adrian, the cruelties exercised by _Umbricia_, a Roman Lady, over her female Slaves, caused new laws to be made on that subject, as well as the former ones to be put in force, and Umbricia was, by a _rescript_ of the Emperor, banished for five years. (_l. 2. in fine_, Dig. _L. I. t. 6._)