New laws to the same ends were likewise made under the following Emperors, among which Civilians make particular mention of a _constitution_ of Antonius Pius (_Divus Pius_); and in subsequent times, the Church also employed its authority to prevent the like excesses, as we may see from the Canon above-recited (_Si quæ domina_, &c.) which was framed in the Council held at Elvira, a small Town in Spain, that has been since destroyed. But the disorder was of such a nature as was not to be cured so long as the custom itself of slavery was allowed to subsist; and it has been remedied at last, only by the thorough abolition of an usage which was a continual insult on Humanity: an advantage which (to be, once at least, very serious in the course of this learned and useful Work) we are indebted for, to the establishment of Christianity, whatever other evils certain Writers may reproach it with having occasioned. CHAP. V. _The subject continued._ The punishment of flagellation was thought among the Antient Heathens, as we have just seen, to possess great efficacy to mend the morals of persons convicted of offences, and insure the honesty and diligence of Slaves. Nor were Schoolmasters behindhand either with Judges or Masters, in regard to whipping those persons who were subjected to their authority. Of this we have an undoubted proof in one of the Epistles of Horace; and it moreover appears that he had had, when at school, the bad luck of being himself under the tuition of one who had strong inclination to inflict that kind of chastisement[24]. ‘I remember (says he) that the flogging _Orbilius_, who when I was a boy, used to dictate to us the verses of Livius Andronicus--.’