But I will not pursue the arguments any further. Suffice it to say
that the sense of humour and the representation of everyday life occur
in all the arts of the Middle Ages. Those who would eliminate all
this human part of the plays, or would forbid their use, must, to be
consistent, rip the _Misereres_ out of the choir of Chester Cathedral
and burn them for firewood.
It is sometimes said that not only was there irreverence, but even
indecency, especially in the play of the _Creation and Fall_, where
Adam and Eve are commanded to “stand nackede.” I believe this stage
direction to be merely figurative,[8] and the Cornish play of the
_Creation of the World_[9] gives a clue to the whole matter, as it
contains specific instructions that Adam and Eve are to be “apparelled
in white leather.”[10] At Norwich also we know that Adam wore “a wig,
gloves, and a cote of hosen steyned,” and Eve “a wig, gloves, and two
cotes of hosen steyned.”
[8] Thomas Wright, the able editor of the Chester plays, comes, I am
glad to say, to the same conclusion.
[9] _The Creation of the World._ A Cornish Mystery, edited by Whitley
Stokes.
[10] The Person of God was also occasionally represented in white
leather with the face gilded.
Further, there can be no doubt whatever that women were not allowed to
take part in plays or to appear on the stage in public until some years
after Mystery Plays had completely died out.[11]
[11] Miss Hamilton Moore, in _English Miracle Plays and Moralities_,
seems to think that I assert in my Introduction to the _Chester Plays_
(published for the revival in 1906) that women acted the play of _The
Assumption_. Not so: I merely stated that the ale-wives of the city
provided and furnished the play, but I am quite sure they did not
perform it.
Evidence of this may also be found in the music of the plays. In the
Coventry Mysteries the “Lullaby,” supposed to be sung by the women
in the _Slaughter of the Innocents_, actually has _Tenor and Bass
parts_.[12]
[12] This trio would be sung by two men and a boy. Similarly the trio
in Chester _Noah’s Play_ would be sung by the “Three clerkes from the
Minster,” who, as we shall see, were duly engaged as professionals.
_Origin of Plays._
These plays sprang from the Church, and “all evidence points to Easter
as the festival with which the earliest religious dramas were most
intimately connected, and it is probable that the first form which the
Easter play assumed was that of a ceremony in which the Crucifix was
solemnly buried on Good Friday and again disinterred on Easter Day amid
a pompous ritual.”[13]
[13] Professor Pollard.
So long as the Church controlled the plays, the clergy were favourable
to their performance; but when their popularity and their growth
rendered it necessary to perform them out of doors, when the stage was
pitched on the green or in the street before the Abbey gate, it became
another matter.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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