Derbyshire (England) -- Antiquities; Derbyshire (England) -- History
It is a question whether the smaller food-vases associated with the
burnt interments should not be classed as incense-cups, as the two
forms often approximate; but this does not vitiate the general results.
That this table represents a sequence is proved by the fact that in
no barrow containing a number of interments has one associated with a
drinking-cup been found under conditions to suggest that it may have
been of _later_ introduction than a neighbouring food-vase or cinerary
urn, nor is there an example of a food-vase interment _succeeding_ an
inurned one; whereas the contrary has frequently been noted.
If we apply the test of horizontal position, we find that, compared
with the other interments, a much larger proportion of those with
drinking-cups were central, while those in urns were as markedly
lateral, indicating that the first were predominantly primary
interments, and the last secondary. But the vertical position gives
even more definite results. The normal position of a primary interment
is on or _below_ the old natural surface; that of a secondary, on or
_above_ that level.
The following table gives the percentages of these positions when
ascertainable:—
Interments with Below. On. Above natural level.
Drinking-cups 83 17 0
Food-vessels 43 31 26
Cinerary urns 36.5 36.5 27
It will be observed that in descending order the proportion of those
_below_ the natural level decreases, and of those _above_ increases,
the inference being that the ratio of primary to secondary interments
decreases.
These groups are further differentiated by the implements and other
objects associated with them. These are, as a rule, more numerous in
the drinking-cup interments and least so in the inurned. The flint
implements of the former are usually the more carefully wrought. Two
other peculiarities of the drinking-cup interments may be noted. With
five of them was an instrument described as a mesh-rule or a modelling
tool, made from the rib of some animal; but these instruments have not
been found with other Bronze Age interments in the county. The other
peculiarity is that in all these interments, the body, when it has
been recorded, lay on its left side. Both these peculiarities are also
characteristic of the drinking-cup interments of Staffordshire.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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