Derbyshire (England) -- Antiquities; Derbyshire (England) -- History
It has occasionally happened, however, that no central interment has
been recorded. In some cases we may suspect that the explorers had
forgotten that the primary interment is sometimes in a deep grave below
the natural level. On the other hand, carelessness on the part of those
who originally raised the mound may account for the interment being out
of the centre. The same result has been brought about by additions to
the original mound upon the occasions of new interments, for the Bronze
folk were not always content with merely inserting these into an old
mound. Sometimes the additional matter formed a capping. A barrow on
Ballidon Moor[23] furnishes a good example of this; it had an inner
cairn containing several interments, and was surmounted with a thick
layer of earth, at the foot of which was an ashy stratum representing
the site of a funeral pile, while in the earth above were the cremated
remains derived from it. It was evident, therefore, that this capping
was added on this occasion. More often the later mound was thrown
up against the side of the old one. The smaller chambered cairn at
Mininglow[24] was found to have had a mound of earth cast up against
its side, and this had been raised over the spot where a man had been
cremated, with whose remains were a bronze dagger, part of a bone
implement, and some “good flints,” all of which had passed through the
fire with their owner; and at Five Wells, Mr. Salt found a secondary
interment of Bronze Age type, consisting of a contracted skeleton in
a small cist, which had been constructed against the podium of the
chambered cairn, and covered with stones and earth—two interesting
proofs of the greater age of the chambered tumuli. These additions are
not easily detected if their materials are similar to those of the
parent mounds, but their effect may be apparent in the superficial
irregularities they give rise to. Not a few Derbyshire examples could
be given which probably owe their irregularities to this cause.
[23] _Ten Years’ Diggings_, 57.
[24] _Ibid._
These illustrations will have given the reader an idea how the
sequence of interments is determined. Many years ago the writer
tabulated the sequences in all the Derbyshire (including the
Staffordshire) barrows containing more than one interment each, of
which reliable information was obtainable. When those associated with
vessels, other than cinerary urns, were classified, some significant
results were obtained. The distribution of the vessels was as follows:
Twenty-nine drinking-cups, all associated with unburnt interments;
Sixty-five food-vases, of which forty-eight were associated with
unburnt and seventeen with burnt interments, but none of these in
cinerary urns; and
Eleven incense-cups, all with burnt interments, and nearly all in
cinerary urns.
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