The standard is the Burgos foot = 11·127 inches, 3 feet making a Vara. This foot was originally = 10·944 inches,[46] i.e. half the Beládi cubit, brought by the Moors. This original standard has been preserved very nearly in the two-foot _Covado di ribera_, the shore-cubit, = 21·9157 inches, its half = 10·9578 inches. Footnote 46: As pointed out by Don V. V. Queipo (_Essai sur les Systèmes Métriques_, 1859), but not quite accurately. His values are often confused or obscure, but his work is most useful. That the Burgos foot has deviated, like most Spanish weights and measures, from the accurate standards of the Moors, is shown by the length of the Spanish _Legua maritima_, the league of 3 meridian miles, or 6653·36 varas. At the modern standard of the Burgos foot this is 6653·36 × 3 × 11·127 inches = 220,958 inches, while 3 meridian miles are 2026·66 yards × 3 × 12 inches = 218,880 inches, showing an error of 2078 inches = 57·7 yards. Taking the original standard of the Burgos foot at 10·944 inches, 6653 varas × 3 × 10,944 = 218,880 inches, exactly corresponding to the Parasang, = 10,000 Beládi cubits of 21·888 inches, or to 20,000 Burgos feet as instituted by the Moors. The erroneous standard of the Burgos foot appears to have been corrected. The tables of A. de Malarce, approved by the French government in 1879, give the Burgos foot as = O·27833 metre = 10·938 inches. That Spain also once had the Roman foot is shown by the survival in Tunis of the Drá Andalussi, the Spanish Ell, of 3 Roman spans of 8·753 inches = 26·25 inches. _Portugal_ Here the Roman standard is seen in the Palmo or span = 8·749 inches, 3/4 of a foot = 11·665 inches. The palmo is divided into 8 _polegadas_, inches, of 12 lines, or into 12 _dedo_, digits, of 8 lines. The Vara, = 43·7 inches, is of 5 spans; the Braça, or fathom, is 2 varas or 10 spans; 3000 fathoms make a league, = 3·89 miles, divided into 3 _milhas_ of 8 _estados_, stadia or furlongs. In land-measure 4840 square varas make a _geira_ (= 1·47 acre) exactly, as 4840 square yards make our acre. One may infer that the form and division of the geira was similar to that of our acre; that it is, or was, 220 × 22 varas, a 1/10 strip of some ‘acreme’ measure. This view is supported by the use in Brazil of a land-unit, the _quadro_, officially 150 × 1 metres; a strip of an original square quadro corresponding to the 10-geira field. In Argentina the _cuadra_ is 150 varas, and the _cuadra cuadrada_, 4·17 acres, is that measure squared. Portugal has another span, the _palmo avantejado_ = 9·0256 inches, of which 3 make a covado or cubit = 27·078 inches, virtually the Flemish ell of English standard. 3. RUSSIA AND THE EAST _Russia_