Menasseh ben Israel's Mission to Oliver Cromwell: Being a reprint of the pamphlets published by Menasseh ben Israel to promote the re-admission of the Jews to England, 1649-1656 — John Shaqi
Menasseh ben Israel's Mission to Oliver Cromwell: Being a reprint of the pamphlets published by Menasseh ben Israel to promote the re-admission of the Jews to England, 1649-1656Manasseh ben Israel
History
Menasseh ben Israel's Mission to Oliver Cromwell: Being a reprint of the pamphlets published by Menasseh ben Israel to promote the re-admission of the Jews to England, 1649-1656
Manasseh ben Israel
Jews -- Great Britain
What happened at the two following meetings, which were held on the 7th
and 12th December,[105] we do not know in detail. The records of the
time only afford us scanty glimpses of the opinions expressed, without
any indication of the days on which they were respectively uttered. It
is clear, however, that the feeling of the clergy turned out to be on
the whole unfavourable to Menasseh’s petition. The calumnies of the
pamphleteers had done their work. The idea of public religious services
at which Christ might be blasphemed stayed the hands of the most
tolerant. Others feared that unrestricted liberty of Jewish worship
would create in the Synagogue a nucleus round which the Judaical
sectaries would rally. Dr. Newcomen drew a harrowing picture of English
converts to Judaism joining the immigrants in offering children to
Moloch.[106] The moderate majority, impressed, probably, by a weighty
and elaborate opinion drawn up by Dr. Barlow, librarian of the Bodleian,
and presented to the Conference by Dr. Goodwin,[107] were strongly in
favour of an admission under severe restrictions. Even the level-headed
Nye, who was ready to tolerate all religious follies so long as they
were peaceable, asked for “due cautions warranted by Holy
Scripture.”[108] It was in vain that Lawrence and Lambert, supported by
the learned commentator Caryll, combated these opinions.[109]
On the eve of the third meeting Cromwell sought to strengthen the
Judeophils by adding to the Conference Hugh Peters, the oldest of the
advocates of unrestricted Readmission, together with his favourite
chaplain, Peter Sterry, and Mr. Bulkeley, the Provost of Eton.[110]
This, however, did not improve matters, for Peters had meanwhile heard
something of the Marranos in London and their papistical dissimulation
of their religion, and he vigorously denounced the Jews as “a
self-seeking generation” who “made but little conscience of their own
principles.”[111] This discourse seems to have produced a considerable
impression on the Conference, for Thurloe, writing to Henry Cromwell on
the 17th, expressed the shrewd opinion that “nothing will be done.”[112]
So far, however, the essential point for which Cromwell had been
striving had not been jeopardised. He was desirous of securing the
admission of the Jews on liberal terms, but at a pinch he would no doubt
have agreed to religious and civil restrictions, provided the commercial
activity of the immigrants was not unduly fettered. Hence the terms
favoured by the majority of the clergy did not trouble him very
seriously.
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