Lesions of the adrenal, as studies of Addison's disease show, have, according to Kraepelin,[120] the following symptoms: weakness of memory, apathy, dulness, inactivity and inhibition of growth. He also calls attention to the fact that in anencephaly, hemicephaly and microcephaly defective development of the adrenals is very common. "Eunuchoidismus" and "viriginität" with mental symptoms due to defective development of the sex glands are also described. The physical manifestations include defective secondary sexual characteristics, in men in the growth of the beard and change of the voice, and in women in the development of the mammary glands, the fat deposits and the curve of the hips. There is a failure of sexual development and absence of menses, as well as defective physical growth. Eunuchoidismus may manifest itself in a giantism somewhat suggesting that resulting from lesions of the pituitary or in a dwarflike physical development. The former variety is characterized by an unusual height with long arms and legs. The forehead is receding, with a low hair line. The external genitals are very small and there is little pubic or axillary hair. Ossification is delayed. In the second form (dwarfs) the body, arms and legs are short and thick. The head is large and the neck short. The genitals are small and the penis is short and button-shaped. Hair formation is slight. The mental condition in either case is characterized by an intellectual defect with timidity, emotional instability, helplessness and weakness of will, sometimes with an active imagination. Kraepelin also describes endocrine conditions resulting from thymic lesions—thymic idiocy, status thymolymphaticus—and mentions the pancreatic infantilismus referred to by Brownell, Basedow's disease, acromegaly, pluriglandular insufficiency and other conditions already mentioned. Kraepelin has encountered only seven "dysadenoid" forms in a study of 244 cases. Bourneville has reported 104 cases of persistent thymus. One of the most interesting contributions to the literature of endocrinology is Mott's[121] suggestion that dementia praecox is due to a combination of degenerative changes in the cortical neurones and the generative organs. As a result of the study of twenty-two cases of dementia praecox he found that more marked pathological changes were found in the testes than were observed in cases of manic-depressive insanity, alcoholic psychoses, epilepsy or paranoia. The characteristic findings consisted in regressive changes in the seminal tubules and abnormal staining reactions in the spermatozoa. He found more evidences of virility in a senile individual of eighty than in any of his cases of dementia praecox. His theory as to the pathogenesis of the disease is based on the fact that the changes in the neurones are of the same character—a degeneration of the nuclear elements. These findings have not at this time been confirmed by other observers.