Kraepelin[221] described acute and chronic alcoholism, pathological intoxication, alcoholic jealousy, delirium tremens, Korsakow's psychosis, alcoholic hallucinoses, paralysis and pseudo-paresis. In acute intoxication Kraepelin finds an inhibition of apprehension, mental grasp and the elaboration of outer impressions with a stimulation of the release of volitional impulses. A clouding of consciousness develops, associated with emotional excitement and a weakness of will power. Perception and mental reactions are delayed and their accuracy decreased on mental tests. The discrimination between louder sounds is uncertain, although the sensitiveness to lighter sound impressions is increased as in the ether narcosis. Busch found a limitation of the field of vision. The preservation of memory impressions is imperfect. A solution of mathematical problems shows a lowered mental capacity for work. The association of ideas and composition of sentences is delayed. There is a tendency to new word formation, phrasing and rhyming, with a certain amount of distractibility. Goal ideas are often missed, and consistent, orderly thought is not possible. Expression is rapid and impulsive, and is often characterized by a loud tone of voice. After larger amounts of alcohol psychomotor activities are interfered with as shown by the writing, and ataxia appears. The reflexes show an increased muscular tension. Physical strength is markedly lowered, although it may be increased for a very short time. Alcohol even in small amounts interferes with productive mental processes. Ideas lose in clearness and sharpness, fatigue occurs earlier and efficiency and judgment are impaired. Still larger amounts retard apprehension and comprehension and the intoxicated person no longer knows what is said to him. All ability to control his conduct is lost. There is a tendency to repetition in speech, rhyming and jargon. Capacity for mental work is finally entirely gone and memory becomes confused. Psychomotor stimulation and excitement appear early, terminating finally in weakness. Emotional trends, at first happy and cheerful, are usually irritable, later with outbursts of anger. Sexual excitement often appears. Various physical disturbances have been described.