At autopsy acute and grave alterations are found in the cells of the second and third layers of the cortex. A granular degeneration (Körnig Zellerkrankung) of the cells is also referred to by Nissl. There is some fibre loss in the central convolutions and the internal capsule, as well as in the columns of Goll. Hemorrhages and thromboses are to be found. Alzheimer found encephalitic foci with proliferation of the cells of the vessel walls sending out fibroblasts in the neighborhood, and a destruction of the nerve fibres. These foci are found in the central gray matter of the third ventricle, roof of the aqueduct, etc. There is a formation of new vessels and an outwandering of cells often accompanied by numerous hemorrhages into the gray matter around the aqueduct of Sylvius. Wernieke has described this process as an "acute hemorrhagic polioencephalitis superior" and finds it very commonly associated with Korsakow's psychosis. It occurs, however, in other chronic alcoholic conditions. The peripheral nerves also show a polyneuritis. Bonhöffer found Korsakow's psychosis in three per cent of his delirious cases. Thirty-three per cent of Kraepelin's cases were women and only 24.5 per cent were under forty years of age. Chotzen found Korsakow's psychosis in three per cent of his male and in twenty-one per cent of his female alcoholics. The acute alcoholic hallucinoses as described by Kraepelin are characterized by well defined delusions of persecution and above all by hallucinations of hearing, with a clear sensorium. In eighty per cent of the cases the symptoms appear suddenly. Sometimes there is first an abortive delirious attack. Usually a multiplicity of hallucinations of hearing develop early. The patient hears threats and abusive language, always directed against himself. Visual hallucinations also occur, particularly at night. The other sensory fields are often involved. At the same time well marked delusions manifest themselves. These suggest every possible variety of persecution. Ideas of grandeur are sometimes observed. All of these symptoms are worse at night as a rule. Consciousness is usually fairly clear, and there is no disorientation. There is often a mixture of anxiety and humor. Some cases, however, are irritable and suspicious. Occasionally suicidal tendencies appear. Conduct is usually not greatly disturbed and the patient continues with his regular occupation. There is considerable insomnia and a tendency to run around a great deal and act foolishly at times. Physically, evidences of chronic alcoholism are always to be found. The customary duration of these acute conditions is from three to eight weeks, although they sometimes last for months. In a quarter of Kraepelin's cases the termination was in deterioration. There is a strong tendency to recurrence. The unrecovered cases are suspicious, surly, quarrelsome and have hallucinations of hearing. This condition may last for years. There are always occasional persecutory ideas.