_Emotions of a complex Character._--Passing on in our analysis, we come next to a class of emotions differing from that already considered, in being of a complex character. It is no longer a simple feeling of delight and satisfaction in the object, or the reverse, but along with this is blended the wish, more or less definite and intense, of good or ill, to the object which awakens the emotion. The feeling assumes an active form, becomes objective, and travels out from itself and the bosom that cherishes it, to the object which calls it forth. In this desire of good or ill to the object, the simple element of joy or sorrow, the subjective feeling, is often merged and lost sight of; yet it ever exists as an essential element of the complex emotion. _Further Subdivision of this Class._--Of this class are the feelings usually denominated _affections_, which may be further subdivided into _benevolent_ and _malevolent_, according as they seek the good or the ill of their respective objects. As the _simple emotions_ are all but so many modes and forms of the feeling of _joy_, and its opposite, _sorrow_, so the _affections_ are but so many different modifications of the one comprehensive principle of _love_, and its opposite, _hate_. _Various Objects of Affection._--The affections vary as the objects vary on which they rest. Of the benevolent class, the more prominent are, love of kindred, of friends, of benefactors, of home and country. Of the malevolent affections, so called, the more important are the feeling of resentment in view of personal injury, of indignation at the wrongs of others, the feeling of jealousy, and the like. _The Passions._--These various affections, both malevolent and benevolent, when they rise above the ordinary degree, and become impatient of restraint, imperious, no longer under the control of reason and sober reflection, but themselves assuming the command of the whole man, and impelling him toward the desired end, regardless of other and higher interests, become the _passions_ of our nature, with which no small part of the self-conflict and self-discipline of this our mortal life is to be maintained. _The Desires._--There is still another class of emotions, differing essentially in their nature from each of the two leading divisions already mentioned, that is, our _desires_. These are of two sorts. Those which are founded in the physical nature and constitution of man--as the desire of food, of muscular exertion, of repose, of whatever is adapted to the animal nature and wants--are usually denominated _appetites_: those, on the other hand, which take their rise from the nature and wants of the mind, rather than of the body, may be termed _rational_, in distinction from _animal_ desires or appetites. Of these the more important are the desire of happiness, of knowledge, of power, of society, of the esteem of others.