_Objection to Brown's Arrangement._--The classification of Dr. Brown, if not ethical, is, perhaps, equally far from being psychological. The relation of the different emotions to _time_ is an accidental, and not an essential difference, and it is, moreover, a distinction wholly inapplicable to far the larger portion of the sensibilities, viz., those which he calls immediate emotions, or "those which arise without involving necessarily _any notion_ of time." This is surely _lucus a non lucendo_. SENSIBILITIES. PART FIRST. SIMPLE EMOTIONS. CHAPTER I. INSTINCTIVE EMOTIONS. _Previous Analysis._--It will be recollected that in the analysis which has been given of the sensibilities, they were arranged under three generic classes, viz., Simple Emotions, Affections, and Desires, all, however, having this in common, that they are in themselves agreeable or disagreeable, as states of mind, according as the object which awakens them is viewed as either good or evil. _Nature of simple Emotions._--Of these, the _simple emotions_, which are first to be considered, comprise, it will be remembered, that large class of feelings which, in their various modifications and degrees, constitute the joys and sorrows of life. They may be comprised, with some latitude of meaning, under the general terms joy and sorrow, as modifications of that comprehensive principle or phase of human experience. They are awakened in view of an object regarded as good or as evil; an object, moreover, of present possession and present enjoyment or suffering; in which last respect they differ from _desires_, which have respect always to some good, or apparent good, _not_ in present possession, but viewed as attainable. _Division of simple Emotions._--Of these simple emotions, again, some may be called _instinctive_, as belonging to the _animal_ nature, and, to some extent, common to man with the brutes, in distinction from others of a higher order, involving or presupposing the exercise of reason and the reflective powers. It is of the former class that we are to treat in the present chapter. § I.--OF THAT GENERAL STATE OF THE MIND KNOWN AS CHEERFULNESS; AND ITS OPPOSITE, MELANCHOLY. _Nature of this Feeling._--There is a state of mind, of which every one is at times conscious, in which, without any immediately exciting cause, a general liveliness and joyousness of spirit, seldom rising to the definiteness of a distinct emotion, a subdued under-current of gladness, seems to fill the soul, and flow on through all its channels. It is not so much itself joy, as a disposition to be joyful; not so much itself a visible sun in the heavens, as a mild, gently-diffused light filling the sky, and bathing all objects in its serene loveliness and beauty. It has been well termed "a sort of perpetual gladness."